Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between innate and adaptive immune responses?

Accepted Answer

Innate responses are rapid and nonselective, while adaptive responses are slower and highly specific to pathogens.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a function of the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Producing hormones for metabolism

Question 3

Which of the following surface barriers is correctly matched with its protective mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Mucous membranes – trap microorganisms in respiratory and digestive tracts

Question 4

A patient with a genetic defect in opsonin production would most likely have difficulty with which immune process?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 5

Which of the following best explains how natural killer (NK) cells recognize and destroy abnormal cells?

Accepted Answer

They detect cells lacking self MHC proteins and induce apoptosis.

Question 6

Which of the following is a benefit of moderate fever during infection?

Accepted Answer

It increases the metabolic rate, enhancing tissue repair.

Question 7

A patient with chronic inflammation is at increased risk for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Development of chronic diseases such as cancer or cardiovascular disease

Question 8

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Attachment, formation of phagosome, fusion with lysosome, digestion, exocytosis

Question 9

Which of the following statements about complement proteins is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They circulate in inactive form and, when activated, enhance inflammation and destroy bacteria.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of interferons in the innate immune response?

Accepted Answer

They are secreted by virus-infected cells to warn neighboring cells and block viral replication.

Question 11

A person with a deficiency in neutrophils would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Reduced ability to fight bacterial infections

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a goal of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Suppress the immune response

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why edema is beneficial during inflammation?

Accepted Answer

It delivers clotting proteins and complement to the area, helping to isolate and repair tissue.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of a first line of defense in the innate immune system?

Accepted Answer

Skin producing keratin

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of opsonization?

Accepted Answer

Coating pathogens with antibodies or complement proteins to enhance phagocytosis

Question 16

Which of the following equations best represents the effect of fever on metabolic rate?

Accepted Answer

$$Metabolic\ Rate \propto Body\ Temperature$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the complement system?

Accepted Answer

It consists of about 20 blood proteins that circulate in inactive form and can be activated to destroy foreign substances.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of mast cells in inflammation?

Accepted Answer

They secrete histamine, increasing capillary permeability and promoting edema.

Question 19

Which of the following is a direct effect of pyrogens on the body during infection?

Accepted Answer

They act on the hypothalamus to raise body temperature.

Question 20

A patient is unable to produce interferons. Which of the following would most likely occur?

Accepted Answer

Reduced ability to warn neighboring cells of viral infection

Chapter 21: The Immune System – Innate Immunity

Study Guide - Practice Questions