Q: During protein synthesis, which of the following correctly describes the flow of genetic information?

$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Acting as a genetic code for protein synthesis

Question 2

A patient has a genetic mutation that prevents the formation of channel proteins in their cell membranes. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion of ions across the membrane

Question 3

During protein synthesis, which of the following correctly describes the flow of genetic information?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why a single gene can code for multiple proteins?

Accepted Answer

Alternative splicing of exons during posttranscriptional modification

Question 5

A scientist is studying a cell that cannot add a CAP and poly-A tail to its mRNA. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The mRNA will be unstable and degraded before translation

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the genetic code is correct?

Accepted Answer

Each codon consists of three nucleotides and codes for one amino acid

Question 7

A mutation changes the sequence of a stop codon (UAA) to a codon for an amino acid. What is the most likely result?

Accepted Answer

The ribosome will fail to terminate translation, resulting in a longer polypeptide

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

It brings specific amino acids to the ribosome based on the codon sequence of mRNA

Question 9

A cell is observed to have a defect in its spliceosome machinery. Which process will be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Removal of introns from pre-mRNA

Question 10

Which of the following is a posttranslational modification that can occur to a newly synthesized polypeptide?

Accepted Answer

Addition of functional groups such as phosphate or carbohydrate

Question 11

A researcher adds a chemical that blocks the A site of the ribosome. What immediate effect will this have on translation?

Accepted Answer

Incoming aminoacyl-tRNA molecules will be unable to bind, halting elongation

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why the nucleus is essential for eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It houses the DNA, which contains the instructions for protein synthesis

Question 13

A cell is exposed to a toxin that prevents the formation of the poly-A tail on mRNA. Which of the following is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The mRNA will be rapidly degraded in the cytoplasm

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of the leader sequence in a newly synthesized polypeptide?

Accepted Answer

It directs the polypeptide to its correct cellular destination

Question 15

A patient has a disorder in which their cells cannot perform posttranslational modifications. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Proteins may not fold correctly or may lack necessary functional groups

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of facilitated diffusion across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient via a membrane protein

Question 17

Which of the following is true regarding the role of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

It forms the core of the ribosome and acts as an enzyme (ribozyme) during translation

Question 18

A cell is observed to have a high number of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). Which function is this cell most likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of lipids and detoxification of drugs

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between exons and introns?

Accepted Answer

Exons are coding regions that remain in mRNA after splicing, while introns are non-coding regions that are removed

Question 20

A genetic disorder causes a defect in the cell's ability to produce carrier proteins. Which of the following processes would be most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Transport of specific molecules across the plasma membrane

Chapter 2.2: Plasma Membrane, Proteins, and Cellular Structure

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