Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the respiratory zone of the lower respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

To serve as the main site of gas exchange between air and blood

Question 2

A patient presents with a collapsed lung after a knife wound. Which pressure relationship is disrupted, leading to lung collapse?

Accepted Answer

Intrapleural pressure becomes equal to intrapulmonary pressure

Question 3

Which law explains why the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressures exerted by each gas?

Accepted Answer

Dalton’s Law

Question 4

During forced expiration, which muscles are primarily responsible for expelling air from the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Oblique and transverse abdominal muscles, and internal intercostals

Question 5

A patient with chronic bronchitis is likely to experience which of the following changes in their respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Excess mucus production and inflamed lower respiratory passageways

Question 6

Which of the following equations correctly represents Boyle’s Law as it applies to pulmonary ventilation?

Accepted Answer

$$P_1V_1 = P_2V_2$$

Question 7

Which structure is responsible for producing surfactant to reduce surface tension in the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

Type II alveolar cells

Question 8

A patient is experiencing hypoventilation and respiratory acidosis. Which of the following best explains the physiological basis for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of CO2 leading to increased H+ concentration

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the chloride shift (Hamburger phenomenon) during CO2 transport in systemic capillaries?

Accepted Answer

Chloride ions move into red blood cells as bicarbonate ions move out

Question 10

A patient with a history of smoking presents with a barrel chest and uses accessory muscles to breathe. Which disease is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Emphysema

Question 11

Which of the following is the main driving force for oxygen movement from alveoli into pulmonary capillaries?

Accepted Answer

The difference in partial pressure of O2 between alveoli and blood

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why a person with swollen adenoids may have disturbed sleep and speech?

Accepted Answer

Swollen adenoids block the nasopharynx, forcing mouth breathing and reducing air conditioning

Question 13

Which of the following is a consequence of pleural effusion?

Accepted Answer

Pressure on the lungs, hindering breathing

Question 14

A patient is hyperventilating due to anxiety. What is the most likely effect on blood gases?

Accepted Answer

Decreased blood CO2 (hypocapnia)

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct sequence of air passage from the trachea to the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

Trachea → Lobar bronchi → Segmental bronchi → Terminal bronchioles → Respiratory bronchioles → Alveolar ducts → Alveoli

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the effect of surfactant in the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

Decreases surface tension, preventing alveolar collapse

Question 17

A patient with left-sided heart failure develops fluid in the pleural cavity. What is this condition called?

Accepted Answer

Pleural effusion

Question 18

Which of the following is the most powerful respiratory stimulant under normal conditions?

Accepted Answer

Rising arterial PCO2

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why oxygen must be administered carefully to patients with COPD?

Accepted Answer

High oxygen levels can suppress the hypoxic drive to breathe

Chapter 22: The Respiratory System – Anatomy & Physiology II Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions