Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of a 6-carbon glucose molecule into two 3-carbon pyruvate molecules, producing ATP and NADH.

Question 2

During the citric acid cycle, which of the following is produced from each acetyl-CoA molecule?

Accepted Answer

1 ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2

Question 3

Which transport pathway is used by lipids after absorption in the intestine?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are absorbed into lymphatic vessels as chylomicrons and enter the bloodstream via the thoracic duct.

Question 4

A patient presents with muscle wasting, edema, and impaired immune function. Which deficiency is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Protein deficiency

Question 5

Which macronutrient yields the most energy per gram when metabolized?

Accepted Answer

Fats

Question 6

Uric acid crystals are most commonly associated with which medical condition?

Accepted Answer

Gout

Question 7

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating appetite?

Accepted Answer

Ghrelin

Question 8

Which physical symptom is most commonly observed in patients with anorexia nervosa?

Accepted Answer

Bradycardia (slow heart rate)

Question 9

How does the body eliminate excess ammonium ions ($$NH_4$$^+$$)?

Accepted Answer

By converting $$NH_4$$^+$$ directly into urea in the liver.

Question 10

Which term describes the synthesis of glycogen from glucose?

Accepted Answer

Glycogenesis

Question 11

Which cholesterol compound is considered 'good' for health, and why?

Accepted Answer

HDL, because it removes cholesterol from tissues and transports it to the liver for excretion.

Question 12

A patient has an LDL cholesterol level of 180 mg/dL and an HDL level of 30 mg/dL. What is the risk for myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke?

Accepted Answer

High risk due to elevated LDL and low HDL.

Question 13

Which mechanism does the body use to increase metabolic rate for heat generation?

Accepted Answer

Shivering and increasing thyroid hormone secretion.

Question 14

Which hormone is associated with the feeling of satiety (fullness) after eating?

Accepted Answer

Leptin

Question 15

What is the relationship between HDL and LDL cholesterol and cardiovascular health?

Accepted Answer

High HDL and low LDL are associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease.

Question 16

Which condition is characterized by excessive ketone bodies in the blood, leading to a drop in blood pH?

Accepted Answer

Ketoacidosis

Question 17

A nurse needs to mechanically lower a patient's body temperature. Which method is most effective?

Accepted Answer

Applying cool packs and using cooling blankets.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes lipolysis?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids.

Question 19

A patient with bulimia nervosa is most likely to present with which physical symptom?

Accepted Answer

Enamel erosion on teeth due to frequent vomiting.

Question 20

Which pathway is used for glucose transport after absorption in the intestine?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is absorbed into capillaries and transported via the hepatic portal vein to the liver.

Chapter 23: Metabolism and Energetics Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions