Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why dietary fiber is important for digestive health?

Accepted Answer

Fiber absorbs water, softens stool, increases bulk, and stimulates peristalsis, which increases transit time.

Question 2

A patient is fasting and has depleted their glycogen stores. Which metabolic pathway will primarily provide glucose for their brain?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Question 3

Which hormone is secreted by adipocytes in proportion to body fat stores and acts to decrease appetite?

Accepted Answer

Leptin

Question 4

Calculate the Body Mass Index (BMI) for a person who weighs 80 kg and is 1.75 m tall. Use the formula $$ BMI = \frac{weight\ (kg)}{$$height^2$$\ (m^2$)} .$$

Accepted Answer

$$ BMI = \frac{80}{(1.75)^2$} = 25.7 $$

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the fate of excess dietary carbohydrates in the absorptive state?

Accepted Answer

They are converted to glycogen or fat for storage.

Question 6

Which of the following is a complete protein source?

Accepted Answer

Eggs

Question 7

A patient has a total cholesterol level of 240 mg/dL, high LDL, and low HDL. What is the most likely health risk associated with this profile?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease

Question 8

Which of the following equations correctly represents the overall reaction for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$ C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O $$

Question 9

Which of the following statements about essential nutrients is correct?

Accepted Answer

Essential nutrients must be obtained from the diet because the body cannot synthesize them.

Question 10

A person consumes a diet high in saturated fats and cholesterol. Which of the following changes in serum lipoproteins would you expect?

Accepted Answer

Increased LDL and decreased HDL

Question 11

Which process describes the breakdown of triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids for energy?

Accepted Answer

Lipolysis

Question 12

Which vitamin is fat-soluble and requires dietary lipids for absorption?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D

Question 13

Which mineral is a major component of hemoglobin and necessary for oxygen transport in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Iron

Question 14

Which hormone is secreted by the stomach and stimulates hunger?

Accepted Answer

Ghrelin

Question 15

A patient with a leptin receptor defect is likely to experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Increased appetite despite high leptin levels

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of HDL in cholesterol metabolism?

Accepted Answer

HDL picks up cholesterol from tissues and delivers it to the liver for elimination.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of dietary fats?

Accepted Answer

They provide insulation, energy storage, and are necessary for absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why protein is considered a 'last resort' energy source during starvation?

Accepted Answer

Proteins are not stored in the body and are essential for structural and functional roles.

Question 19

Which of the following factors would increase a person's basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

Accepted Answer

Increased thyroid hormone levels

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-life consequence of a diet severely deficient in essential fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Impaired absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and increased risk of skin and neurological disorders

Chapter 24: Nutrition, Metabolism, and Energy Balance – Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards