Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation for Body Mass Index (BMI) in imperial units?

$$BMI = \frac{wt\ (lb) \times 705}{height\ (in)^2$}$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between essential and nonessential nutrients?

Accepted Answer

Essential nutrients must be obtained from the diet because the body cannot synthesize them.

Question 2

A patient presents with muscle weakness and confusion. Laboratory tests reveal low sodium and chloride levels. Which dietary recommendation would best address this deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Increase intake of table salt.

Question 3

Which metabolic pathway is responsible for the formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources, and in which organ does it primarily occur?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis in the liver

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why neurons and red blood cells rely almost exclusively on glucose for energy?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is the only fuel that can cross the blood-brain barrier and is metabolized anaerobically by red blood cells.

Question 5

A patient with untreated diabetes mellitus is likely to experience which of the following metabolic consequences?

Accepted Answer

Excessive use of fats and proteins for energy, leading to metabolic acidosis

Question 6

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation for Body Mass Index (BMI) in imperial units?

Accepted Answer

$$BMI = \frac{wt\ (lb) 	imes 705}{height\ (in)^2$}$$

Question 7

Which of the following is a major function of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) in the body?

Accepted Answer

Transport cholesterol from tissues to the liver for excretion

Question 8

During prolonged fasting, which metabolic process provides the majority of glucose for the brain?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis from amino acids in the liver

Question 9

Which vitamin deficiency is most likely to result in impaired blood clotting?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K

Question 10

Which of the following statements about oxidative phosphorylation is correct?

Accepted Answer

It uses a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane to drive ATP synthesis.

Question 11

A patient is found to have a genetic disorder that prevents the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of insulin during the absorptive (fed) state?

Accepted Answer

It promotes glucose uptake and storage as glycogen and fat.

Question 13

Which process is responsible for the breakdown of stored triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol?

Accepted Answer

Lipolysis

Question 14

Which of the following minerals is essential for thyroid hormone synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Iodine

Question 15

Which of the following is a consequence of a positive nitrogen balance?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins exceeds breakdown, as seen in children and pregnant women

Question 16

Which of the following mechanisms is the primary way the body loses heat at rest?

Accepted Answer

Radiation

Question 17

A patient with a core body temperature of 41°C, hot dry skin, and confusion is most likely experiencing which condition?

Accepted Answer

Hyperthermia (heat stroke)

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the metabolic role of the liver is correct?

Accepted Answer

The liver synthesizes cholesterol and converts ammonia to urea for excretion.

Question 19

Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin that requires intrinsic factor for absorption?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the effect of trans fats on blood cholesterol levels?

Accepted Answer

They increase LDL and decrease HDL.

Chapter 24: Nutrition, Metabolism, and Energy Balance – Anatomy & Physiology II Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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