Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the urinary system?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose levels

Question 2

A patient presents with high blood pressure and low blood sodium. Which hormone released by the kidneys is most likely involved in correcting this imbalance?

Accepted Answer

Renin

Question 3

Which structure is responsible for the initial filtration of blood in the nephron?

Accepted Answer

Glomerulus

Question 4

The equation for net filtration pressure (NFP) at the glomerulus is:

Accepted Answer

$$NFP = GHP - (GOP + CHP)$$

Question 5

Which layer of connective tissue anchors the kidneys and surrounding adipose to the abdominal wall?

Accepted Answer

Renal fascia

Question 6

A decrease in glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHP) will have what effect on glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

Accepted Answer

Decrease GFR

Question 7

Which cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus act as chemoreceptors to monitor filtrate concentration?

Accepted Answer

Macula densa cells

Question 8

Which part of the nephron is primarily responsible for reabsorption and contains microvilli to increase surface area?

Accepted Answer

Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the descending limb of the loop of Henle is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is permeable to water but impermeable to NaCl

Question 10

A patient with chronic kidney disease has reduced erythropoietin (EPO) production. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Anemia due to decreased red blood cell synthesis

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the effect of sympathetic nervous system activation on the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Constriction of afferent arterioles and decreased GFR

Question 12

Which hormone is released by the heart in response to increased blood volume and acts to increase sodium excretion in urine?

Accepted Answer

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Question 13

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the nephron?

Accepted Answer

Collecting duct

Question 14

Which type of nephron has a long loop of Henle that extends deep into the renal medulla and is important for concentrating urine?

Accepted Answer

Juxtamedullary nephron

Question 15

If the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is too high, what is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Insufficient reabsorption of essential substances

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct sequence of blood flow through the kidney?

Accepted Answer

Renal artery → interlobar artery → arcuate artery → interlobular artery → afferent arteriole

Question 17

Which of the following mechanisms is responsible for the kidney's ability to autoregulate GFR in response to changes in blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Myogenic mechanism

Question 18

A patient is found to have protein in their urine (proteinuria). Which part of the filtration membrane is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Fenestrated glomerular capillary endothelial cells

Question 19

Which pressure opposes filtration at the glomerulus?

Accepted Answer

Glomerular osmotic pressure (GOP)

Question 20

If a patient has a blockage in the minor calyces, which process will be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Drainage of urine from the renal papillae to the renal pelvis

Chapter 24: The Urinary System – Structure, Function, and Physiology

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