Question 1

Which of the following best describes the chromosomal composition of a human zygote?

Accepted Answer

Diploid, with 46 chromosomes

Question 2

What is the primary function of Sertoli cells in the male reproductive system?

Accepted Answer

Support sperm production and form the blood-testes barrier

Question 3

During female embryonic development, which hormone is absent, allowing Müllerian ducts to develop into the uterus and Fallopian tubes?

Accepted Answer

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH)

Question 4

Which structure in the female reproductive system is the site of fertilization?

Accepted Answer

Fallopian tube

Question 5

A male patient is diagnosed with cryptorchidism. What is the physiological implication of this condition?

Accepted Answer

Failure of both testes to descend into the scrotum

Question 6

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the growth of ovarian follicles during the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle?

Accepted Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 7

What is the role of the SRY gene in sexual differentiation?

Accepted Answer

It triggers the development of male reproductive organs

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why only one sperm fertilizes an egg during normal conception?

Accepted Answer

The cortical reaction prevents polyspermy after the first sperm fuses with the egg

Question 9

Which of the following is a secondary sex characteristic influenced by androgens in males?

Accepted Answer

Growth of facial and body hair

Question 10

A patient presents with a lack of menstruation and low estrogen levels. Which ovarian structure is most likely not functioning properly?

Accepted Answer

Corpus luteum

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference in gametogenesis between males and females?

Accepted Answer

Males produce sperm continuously after puberty, while females are born with all their eggs

Question 12

Which hormone is responsible for the positive feedback that triggers the LH surge and ovulation?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen

Question 13

What is the function of the blood-testes barrier formed by Sertoli cells?

Accepted Answer

To protect developing sperm from the immune system

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the hormonal regulation of FSH secretion?

Accepted Answer

Inhibins inhibit FSH secretion

Question 15

A mutation in the aromatase enzyme would most directly affect which process?

Accepted Answer

Conversion of androgens to estrogens

Question 16

Which of the following events occurs during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle?

Accepted Answer

Corpus luteum secretes progesterone and estrogen

Question 17

Which of the following is a direct result of the cortical reaction during fertilization?

Accepted Answer

Prevention of polyspermy

Question 18

Which hormone is secreted by the hypothalamus to regulate reproductive function in both males and females?

Accepted Answer

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Question 19

A patient has a genetic mutation that prevents the production of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in a male embryo. What is the most likely developmental outcome?

Accepted Answer

Persistence of both male and female internal genitalia

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why environmental factors such as nutrition and stress can influence female reproductive cycles?

Accepted Answer

They affect the hypothalamic release of GnRH, altering the menstrual cycle

Chapter 26: Reproduction and Development – Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards