Q: Which of the following equations best represents the calculation for the predicted date of birth based on the last menstrual period (LMP)?

$$\text{Predicted Birth Date} = \text{LMP} + 280\ \text{days}$$

Question 1

Which layer of the uterus is primarily responsible for producing labor contractions during childbirth?

Accepted Answer

Myometrium

Question 2

During the menstrual cycle, which hormone stimulates the proliferation of the endometrial lining and the expression of progesterone receptors?

Accepted Answer

Estradiol

Question 3

A woman presents with vaginal dryness, thinning of the vaginal wall, and increased risk of osteoporosis. Which phase of her reproductive life is she most likely experiencing?

Accepted Answer

Climacteric/menopause

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the process of oogenesis in terms of chromosome number and cell fate?

Accepted Answer

Produces haploid gametes by meiosis, resulting in one large egg and smaller polar bodies

Question 5

Which hormone is responsible for suppressing FSH and LH secretion during pregnancy, thereby preventing follicular development?

Accepted Answer

Progesterone

Question 6

A patient has a mutation that prevents the formation of the zona pellucida around her oocytes. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Impaired fertilization due to lack of sperm binding and protection

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct sequence of hormonal control in the female sexual cycle?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus → Pituitary → Ovaries → Uterus

Question 8

During the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle, which hormone stimulates the endometrial glands to secrete glycogen and prepare the uterus for possible implantation?

Accepted Answer

Progesterone

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why the first few menstrual cycles after menarche are typically anovulatory?

Accepted Answer

Immature hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis

Question 10

A woman is found to have a deficiency in the hormone inhibin. What effect would this most likely have on her reproductive cycle?

Accepted Answer

Increased FSH secretion and excessive follicle development

Question 11

Which anatomical structure is responsible for catching the ovulated oocyte and directing it into the uterine tube?

Accepted Answer

Fimbriae

Question 12

Which phase of the menstrual cycle is characterized by endometrial ischemia, tissue necrosis, and the onset of menstrual cramps?

Accepted Answer

Premenstrual phase

Question 13

If a woman’s corpus luteum is removed before week 7 of pregnancy, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Abortion due to loss of progesterone and estrogen support

Question 14

Which hormone is detected by home pregnancy test kits and is secreted by the blastocyst and placenta?

Accepted Answer

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Question 15

A newborn is unable to digest cow’s milk efficiently and develops diaper rash. Which property of cow’s milk is most responsible for this?

Accepted Answer

Higher protein content and more nitrogenous waste

Question 16

Which of the following equations best represents the calculation for the predicted date of birth based on the last menstrual period (LMP)?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Predicted Birth Date} = 	ext{LMP} + 280\ 	ext{days}$$

Question 17

Which hormone is responsible for promoting the growth of mammary ducts and increasing breast size during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen

Question 18

During labor, which hormone stimulates both the myometrium directly and the production of prostaglandins to enhance uterine contractions?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 19

A woman who is breastfeeding experiences a delay in the return of her menstrual cycles. What is the physiological basis for this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

High levels of prolactin inhibit GnRH and reduce ovarian cycling

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of relaxin during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Promotes growth of blood vessels in the pregnant uterus and multiplication of decidual cells

Chapter 26: The Female Reproductive System – Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes

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