Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Asexual reproduction creates clones from a single parent, while sexual reproduction combines genetic material from two parents to produce genetically diverse offspring.

Question 2

What is the chromosome count in human somatic cells and gametic cells, respectively?

Accepted Answer

Somatic cells: $$2n=46$$, Gametic cells: $$n=23$$

Question 3

Why must gametes be haploid in animals?

Accepted Answer

To maintain the normal chromosome number after fertilization, preventing the embryo from having 200% of DNA.

Question 4

Which process results in four non-identical daughter cells, each with half the original DNA content?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Question 5

During which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur, and what is its significance?

Accepted Answer

Prophase I; it creates genetic diversity by exchanging genetic material between homologous chromosomes.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about homologous chromosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Homologous chromosomes carry the same genes but may have different alleles.

Question 7

What is the main difference between the products of mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces two genetically identical diploid cells, while meiosis produces four genetically diverse haploid cells.

Question 8

If a human cell undergoes meiosis, how many chromosomes will each resulting gamete contain?

Accepted Answer

$$23$$

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why siblings (not identical twins) are genetically different from each other?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis produces gametes with different combinations of alleles due to crossing over and independent assortment.

Question 10

During metaphase I of meiosis, how do chromosomes align?

Accepted Answer

Duplicated homologous chromosomes align as tetrads at the center of the cell.

Question 11

Which statement correctly describes the separation of chromosomes during anaphase I of meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Homologous chromosomes separate, resulting in dyads moving to opposite poles.

Question 12

What is the result of telophase I in meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Two haploid daughter cells, each with one chromosome from each homologous pair.

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding autosomes and sex chromosomes in humans?

Accepted Answer

Humans have 22 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes.

Question 14

Which process is responsible for the production of sperm cells?

Accepted Answer

Spermatogenesis

Question 15

What is the ploidy of daughter cells produced by mitosis and meiosis, respectively?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis: diploid; Meiosis: haploid

Question 16

Which event does NOT occur during Prophase II of meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over between homologous chromosomes.

Question 17

Which of the following is a key difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis involves two rounds of chromosome division, while mitosis involves one.

Question 18

Which term describes a chromosome consisting of two identical DNA molecules joined at a centromere?

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatid

Question 19

What is the primary purpose of meiosis in sexually reproducing organisms?

Accepted Answer

To produce haploid gametes and generate genetic diversity among offspring.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the alignment of chromosomes during metaphase in mitosis versus meiosis I?

Accepted Answer

In mitosis, sister chromatids align at the metaphase plate; in meiosis I, homologous chromosomes align as tetrads at the metaphase plate.

Chapter 27: Reproductive System – Introduction and Meiosis

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