Question 1

Which of the following best explains why meiosis is essential for sexual reproduction in humans?

Accepted Answer

It reduces the chromosome number by half, preventing chromosome doubling in each generation.

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with metastatic prostate cancer. Which of the following treatment strategies is most likely to slow the progression of the disease based on its hormonal dependence?

Accepted Answer

Blocking testosterone synthesis or action to reduce cancer cell growth.

Question 3

During the male sexual response, which of the following events is under parasympathetic control?

Accepted Answer

Erection due to nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation.

Question 4

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the release of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary?

Accepted Answer

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Question 5

A male patient has a mutation that prevents the formation of the blood-testis barrier. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Sperm antigens may enter the bloodstream and trigger an immune response.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of prostaglandins in seminal fluid?

Accepted Answer

They decrease the viscosity of cervical mucus and stimulate reverse peristalsis in the uterus.

Question 7

Which of the following correctly matches the muscle with its function in temperature regulation of the testes?

Accepted Answer

Cremaster muscle: elevates the testes

Question 8

A woman is found to have high levels of estrogen and low levels of FSH during the mid-follicular phase of her ovarian cycle. Which feedback mechanism is primarily responsible for this observation?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback of estrogen and inhibin on FSH release

Question 9

Which of the following events occurs as a direct result of the LH surge during the ovarian cycle?

Accepted Answer

Ovulation of the secondary oocyte from the mature vesicular follicle

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why females can experience multiple orgasms during a single sexual experience, unlike males?

Accepted Answer

Females lack a refractory period following orgasm.

Question 11

Which of the following is a direct effect of FSH on the male reproductive system?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates sustentocytes to release androgen-binding protein (ABP).

Question 12

A researcher is studying the genetic variability of gametes. Which process during meiosis is most responsible for increasing genetic diversity?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over between nonsister chromatids

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the sequence of hormonal events in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis in males?

Accepted Answer

GnRH → FSH/LH → Testosterone/Inhibin

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the corpus luteum if pregnancy does NOT occur?

Accepted Answer

It degenerates into the corpus albicans after about 10 days.

Question 15

A male patient has a deficiency in androgen-binding protein (ABP) production. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Reduced local concentration of testosterone, impairing spermatogenesis.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the fate of the first polar body produced during oogenesis?

Accepted Answer

It divides to produce smaller polar bodies that undergo atresia.

Question 17

Which of the following is a secondary sex characteristic induced by estrogen in females?

Accepted Answer

Development of a wider and lighter pelvis

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why only one dominant follicle typically survives to ovulation during the ovarian cycle?

Accepted Answer

A dip in FSH levels causes atresia of all but the dominant follicle.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the bulbo-urethral (Cowper’s) glands?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of alkaline mucus to lubricate the urethra and neutralize acidic urine.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of the corpus spongiosum during ejaculation?

Accepted Answer

It keeps the urethra open to allow passage of semen.

Chapter 27: The Reproductive System – High Yield Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards