Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of differentiation during prenatal development?

Accepted Answer

The process by which cells become specialized to perform specific functions.

Question 2

During fertilization, what is the primary function of the acrosome in the sperm?

Accepted Answer

To release enzymes that help the sperm penetrate the corona radiata and zona pellucida.

Question 3

Which of the following correctly matches the prenatal period with its main developmental event?

Accepted Answer

Embryonic period: Formation of major organ systems.

Question 4

A woman is in her second trimester of pregnancy. Which of the following best describes the main focus of fetal development during this time?

Accepted Answer

Growth and maturation of organ systems.

Question 5

Which hormone, produced by the placenta, is responsible for maintaining the corpus luteum during early pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Question 6

A newborn is delivered and the umbilical cord is cut. Which of the following changes occurs in the newborn's circulatory system?

Accepted Answer

Closure of the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why identical twins are genetically identical?

Accepted Answer

They originate from the splitting of a single fertilized egg.

Question 8

A patient is diagnosed with Down syndrome. Which chromosomal abnormality is most commonly associated with this condition?

Accepted Answer

Trisomy 21

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype refers to the genetic makeup, while phenotype refers to observable traits.

Question 10

A child inherits one allele for brown eyes (B) and one for blue eyes (b). If brown is dominant, what is the child's eye color?

Accepted Answer

Brown

Question 11

Which of the following is a likely result of nondisjunction during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

A gamete with an abnormal number of chromosomes.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of gene therapy?

Accepted Answer

To treat or prevent disease by introducing, removing, or altering genetic material.

Question 13

A couple has a child with cystic fibrosis, an autosomal recessive disorder. What is the probability that their next child will also have cystic fibrosis if both parents are carriers?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why only about 15% of zygotes with chromosomal abnormalities survive to birth?

Accepted Answer

Most chromosomal abnormalities result in early embryonic death.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

A heterozygote displays a phenotype intermediate between the two homozygotes.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of the placenta?

Accepted Answer

It facilitates the exchange of nutrients, gases, and wastes between mother and fetus.

Question 17

A woman is in labor and her cervix is fully dilated. Which stage of labor is she entering?

Accepted Answer

Expulsion stage

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of genetic recombination?

Accepted Answer

The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.

Question 19

Which of the following is a characteristic of the fetal period of development?

Accepted Answer

Rapid growth and maturation of tissues and organs.

Question 20

A geneticist is studying a trait controlled by multiple genes. Which term best describes this pattern of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Polygenic inheritance

Chapter 29: Development and Inheritance – Study Guide Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards