Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between matter and energy in the context of anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space, while energy is the capacity to do work or put matter into motion.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing muscle contractions during exercise. Which type of energy transformation is primarily occurring in their muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Potential energy is being transformed into kinetic energy.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a major type of energy found in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Gravitational energy

Question 4

Given the atomic structure of lithium ($^{7}_{3}Li$), how many neutrons does it contain?

Accepted Answer

4

Question 5

Which element is most likely to form a chemically inert atom, and why?

Accepted Answer

Neon, because its valence shell is full with 8 electrons.

Question 6

A sodium atom ($Na$) loses one electron to become $Na^+$. What type of particle has it become, and what type of bond will it likely form with a chloride ion ($Cl^-$)?

Accepted Answer

A cation; it will form an ionic bond.

Question 7

Which of the following molecules is nonpolar due to equal sharing of electrons?

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide ($CO_2$)

Question 8

In a water molecule ($H_2O$), why does oxygen have a partial negative charge?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is more electronegative and pulls shared electrons closer to itself.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why water has a high surface tension?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds between water molecules create strong intermolecular forces.

Question 10

A chemical reaction in which $AB$ breaks down into $A + B$ is classified as:

Accepted Answer

Decomposition reaction

Question 11

Which of the following chemical reactions is an example of an exchange (displacement) reaction?

Accepted Answer

$AB + CD \rightarrow AD + CB$

Question 12

During cellular respiration, glucose is oxidized. According to the OIL RIG mnemonic, what does oxidation mean?

Accepted Answer

Loss of electrons

Question 13

Which of the following best describes an exergonic reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that releases energy, with products having less potential energy than reactants.

Question 14

If a chemical reaction reaches equilibrium, what does this mean?

Accepted Answer

The rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about isotopes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes a hydrogen bond?

Accepted Answer

An attractive force between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom of another molecule.

Question 17

A molecule of methane ($CH_4$) is formed by sharing electrons between carbon and hydrogen atoms. What type of bond is present?

Accepted Answer

Nonpolar covalent bond

Question 18

Which of the following is true regarding the valence shell of an atom?

Accepted Answer

Electrons in the valence shell have the most potential energy and are involved in chemical reactions.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why noble gases are chemically inert?

Accepted Answer

Their valence shells are full, so they do not need to gain, lose, or share electrons.

Question 20

A patient is given a radioactive isotope for imaging. Which property of isotopes allows them to be used in medical diagnostics?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes have unstable nuclei that can emit radiation detectable by imaging equipment.

Chapter 2A: Chemistry Comes Alive – Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

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