Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between somatic cells and sex cells in humans?

Accepted Answer

Somatic cells have a complete set of chromosomes, while sex cells have half as many.

Question 2

According to cell theory, which of the following is NOT a principle?

Accepted Answer

Cells can spontaneously generate from non-living material.

Question 3

Which function is NOT performed by the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Production of ATP for cellular energy.

Question 4

Which type of membrane protein is responsible for stabilizing the cell membrane and anchoring it to other structures?

Accepted Answer

Anchoring proteins

Question 5

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the most likely outcome for the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will shrink as water leaves the cell.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modification and shipping of proteins

Question 7

Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production through aerobic metabolism, and how many ATP molecules are typically produced per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria; $$34-36$$ ATP

Question 8

What is the main difference between integral and peripheral membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Integral proteins are embedded within the membrane, while peripheral proteins are attached to the inner or outer surface.

Question 9

Which cytoskeletal structure is responsible for increasing the surface area of cells for absorption?

Accepted Answer

Microvilli

Question 10

A mutation prevents the formation of nuclear pores in a cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Exchange of materials between the nucleus and cytoplasm

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into mRNA, which is then translated into protein.

Question 12

Which of the following molecules would most easily pass through the plasma membrane by simple diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Small, nonpolar molecules

Question 13

Which process requires both a transport protein and energy in the form of ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 14

What is the primary function of lysosomes in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown and digestion of cellular debris and bacteria

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of carrier proteins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They bind to specific molecules and transport them across the membrane.

Question 16

A cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will gain water and swell.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification and lipid synthesis

Question 18

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration via a transport protein, without energy input.

Question 19

What is the main function of ribosomes in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the plasma membrane is described as 'selectively permeable'?

Accepted Answer

It allows some substances to pass while restricting others, often using transport proteins.

Chapter 3: An Introduction to Cell Biology – Cell Types, Organelles, Plasma Membrane, and Genetic Code

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