Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of total body water (TBW) if a person’s weight is known? Assume TBW is approximately 60% of body weight.

$TBW = 0.6 \\times \\text{body weight (kg)}$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes a key structural difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing dehydration. Which body fluid compartment is most directly affected by water loss from sweating?

Accepted Answer

Extracellular fluid (ECF)

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of the phospholipid bilayer in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a selective barrier, allowing only certain molecules to pass through.

Question 4

A mutation causes a cell to lack functional tight junctions. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Substances may leak between adjacent cells, compromising tissue integrity.

Question 5

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of total body water (TBW) if a person’s weight is known? Assume TBW is approximately 60% of body weight.

Accepted Answer

$TBW = 0.6 \times \text{body weight (kg)}$

Question 6

Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 7

A tissue sample is found to have tightly packed cells with little extracellular matrix and is avascular. Which primary tissue type does this most likely represent?

Accepted Answer

Epithelial tissue

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of the cytoskeleton in a cell?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support and facilitates movement of organelles.

Question 9

A researcher is studying the movement of glucose across a cell membrane. Which membrane component is most directly involved in this process?

Accepted Answer

Protein channels

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a function of the extracellular matrix (ECM)?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 11

A patient has a genetic disorder affecting collagen production. Which tissue type is most likely to be compromised?

Accepted Answer

Connective tissue

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why plant cells are classified as eukaryotic?

Accepted Answer

They contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a major organelle and its function?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus – modification and packaging of proteins

Question 14

A nerve cell transmits an electrical signal to a muscle cell, causing contraction. Which primary tissue types are involved in this process?

Accepted Answer

Neural and muscle tissue

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of carbohydrates in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They function in cell recognition and signaling.

Question 16

A scientist observes that a certain cell type has abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis for export

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct sequence of organization from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Organelle → Cell → Tissue → Organ

Question 18

A cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell, and which membrane property is responsible?

Accepted Answer

The cell will swell due to osmosis across the selectively permeable membrane.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the lumen in the context of anatomy?

Accepted Answer

The interior space of a hollow organ or structure

Question 20

A patient’s biopsy shows cells embedded in a large amount of extracellular matrix with fibers and ground substance. Which tissue type is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Connective tissue

Chapter 3: Cells, Membranes, and Tissues – Key Concepts in Anatomy & Physiology

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