Q: Which equation correctly represents osmolarity ($O$) in terms of solute concentration?

$O = \frac{\text{moles of solute}}{\text{liters of solution}}$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in a typical human cell?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell, maintaining homeostasis.

Question 2

A patient receives an intravenous solution that is hypertonic compared to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

The cells will shrink as water leaves the cells to the surrounding solution.

Question 3

Which of the following correctly matches the cell junction with its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions: Facilitate direct communication between adjacent cells.

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents osmolarity ($O$) in terms of solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

$O = \frac{	ext{moles of solute}}{	ext{liters of solution}}$

Question 5

Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 6

A cell is placed in a solution with a lower osmotic pressure than its cytosol. What type of solution is this, and what will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic; the cell will swell and may burst.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains how the resting membrane potential is established in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

By the differential permeability of the plasma membrane to potassium and sodium ions, and the activity of the sodium-potassium pump.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a component of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 9

During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of the glycocalyx?

Accepted Answer

It provides cell recognition and adhesion functions.

Question 11

Which of the following is a passive transport mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 12

Which structure is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins for secretion?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the composition of cytosol?

Accepted Answer

A gel-like solution containing water, ions, proteins, and nutrients.

Question 14

Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 15

Which of the following correctly matches the organelle with its function?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome: Detoxification of harmful substances

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Transcription, translation

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between codons and anticodons?

Accepted Answer

Codons are three-nucleotide sequences on mRNA, anticodons are complementary three-nucleotide sequences on tRNA.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of microvilli in epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

Increase surface area for absorption

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

A sequence of nucleotides in DNA that determines the amino acid sequence of proteins.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT considered an inclusion found in the cytosol?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Chapter 3: Cells – Structure, Function, and Physiology

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