Q: Which equation correctly represents the relationship between osmolarity, solute concentration, and water movement?

$$\text{Osmolarity} = \frac{\text{Number of solute particles}}{\text{Volume of solution (L)}}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the principle of cell theory?

Accepted Answer

Cells are the structural and functional unit of life, and all cells arise from preexisting cells.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a basic part of a generalized human cell?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 3

A scientist observes a cell with a large number of microvilli on its surface. What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of nutrients

Question 4

Which plasma membrane component is primarily responsible for the membrane's selective permeability?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipid bilayer

Question 5

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and swells until it bursts. Which type of solution was the cell placed in?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 6

Which type of cell junction allows for the rapid passage of ions and small molecules between adjacent cells, such as in cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why the plasma membrane is described as a 'fluid mosaic'?

Accepted Answer

It is made up of a double layer of phospholipids with proteins and other molecules floating within it.

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the glycocalyx on the cell surface?

Accepted Answer

Acts as a specific biological marker for cell recognition

Question 9

A patient with severe burns loses large amounts of fluids, proteins, and ions from damaged cells. Which property of the plasma membrane is compromised in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

Selective permeability

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 11

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between osmolarity, solute concentration, and water movement?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Osmolarity} = \frac{	ext{Number of solute particles}}{	ext{Volume of solution (L)}}$$

Question 12

Which of the following is a real-life example of the importance of tight junctions in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Preventing leakage of digestive enzymes between cells lining the intestines

Question 13

Which of the following statements about facilitated diffusion is correct?

Accepted Answer

It uses carrier or channel proteins to move molecules down their concentration gradient.

Question 14

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink as water leaves the cell.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why plant cells do not burst when placed in a hypotonic solution, but animal cells do?

Accepted Answer

Plant cells have a rigid cell wall that limits expansion.

Question 16

Which of the following is a direct consequence of the plasma membrane being selectively permeable?

Accepted Answer

Only certain molecules can cross the membrane, maintaining internal cellular conditions.

Question 17

Which of the following would most likely increase the rate of diffusion across a plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the concentration gradient

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of desmosomes?

Accepted Answer

They anchor adjacent cells together and provide mechanical stability.

Question 19

Which of the following is a likely outcome if the glycocalyx of a cancer cell changes rapidly?

Accepted Answer

The immune system may not recognize the cell as abnormal, allowing it to replicate.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the movement of a lipid-soluble molecule across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It passes directly through the phospholipid bilayer by simple diffusion.

Chapter 3: Cells – The Living Units (Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes)

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