Question 1

Which statement best describes the Cell Theory as presented in Chapter 3?

Accepted Answer

Cells are the structural and functional units of life, and all living things are composed of cells.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will swell and may burst due to water influx.

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production via aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 4

What is the main function of the plasma membrane's glycocalyx?

Accepted Answer

It serves as a biological marker for cell recognition.

Question 5

Which type of membrane protein is most likely to function as a receptor for signal transduction?

Accepted Answer

Integral protein

Question 6

A cell is exposed to a toxin that inhibits the sodium-potassium pump. What is the most immediate effect?

Accepted Answer

The cell will lose its ability to maintain proper ionic gradients across the plasma membrane.

Question 7

Which equation best represents the relationship between osmotic pressure ($\Pi$), molarity ($M$), gas constant ($R$), and temperature ($T$) in osmosis?

Accepted Answer

$\Pi = MRT$

Question 8

Which cell junction type is most important for preventing leakage between epithelial cells lining the intestines?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions

Question 9

During protein synthesis, which RNA type carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 10

Which process requires cellular energy (ATP) to move substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport

Question 11

A mutation in the P53 gene is most likely to result in which cellular outcome?

Accepted Answer

Loss of cell cycle control, potentially leading to cancer

Question 12

Which organelle is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins for export from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 13

What is the primary function of lysosomes in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Digest and recycle cellular waste and foreign material

Question 14

Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) in cell division?

Accepted Answer

They bind to cyclins to activate enzyme cascades that prepare the cell for division.

Question 16

Which process is responsible for the movement of large molecules, such as neurotransmitters, out of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis and transport to the Golgi apparatus

Question 18

Which equation correctly represents the complementary base pairing in DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

$A = T, G = C$

Question 19

Which cell extension is responsible for moving materials across the cell surface in the respiratory tract?

Accepted Answer

Cilia

Question 20

What is the most widely accepted theory of cell aging?

Accepted Answer

Cell aging is programmed into genes, with telomere shortening limiting cell division.

Chapter 3: Cells – The Living Units (Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes)

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