Question 1

Which of the following statements best summarizes the cell theory?

Accepted Answer

All living organisms are composed of one or more cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 3

Why is compartmentalization important in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It allows for specialized environments and processes to occur within the same cell, increasing efficiency.

Question 4

Which of the following correctly identifies the hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

The phosphate heads are hydrophilic and face outward, while the fatty acid tails are hydrophobic and face inward.

Question 5

What is the primary function of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It stabilizes membrane fluidity across temperature changes.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A dynamic structure with proteins floating in or on a fluid lipid bilayer.

Question 7

Which type of cell junction would you expect to find in the heart muscle, allowing ions to pass directly from one cell to another?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 8

A patient has a genetic defect causing their skin cells to separate easily under stress. Which cell junction is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Desmosomes

Question 9

Which of the following organelles is responsible for ATP production through aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a component of the endomembranous system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 11

A cell is observed to have abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum. What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins for export

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of the nucleolus?

Accepted Answer

It synthesizes ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and assembles ribosome subunits.

Question 13

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for maintaining cell shape and providing tracks for organelle movement?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 14

Which of the following organelles is NOT surrounded by a membrane?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 15

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of transcription?

Accepted Answer

The synthesis of mRNA from a DNA template

Question 17

A mutation prevents the formation of tight junctions in intestinal epithelial cells. What is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Increased leakage of substances between cells

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of glycoproteins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They function in cell recognition and signaling.

Question 19

A scientist is studying a cell that contains large amounts of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Which function is this cell most likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Lipid synthesis and detoxification

Question 20

Which of the following correctly matches the organelle with its function?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome – digestion of cellular debris

Chapter 3 – Cells: The Living Units

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