Q: Which of the following equations best represents the process of aerobic cellular respiration in mitochondria?

$6 \\text{O}_2 + \\text{C}_6\\text{H}_{12}\\text{O}_6 \\rightarrow 6 \\text{CO}_2 + 6 \\text{H}_2\\text{O} + \\text{ATP}$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a protective boundary and regulates the transport of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a solution with a lower solute concentration than its cytoplasm. What will most likely happen to the cell, and what is the term for this type of solution?

Accepted Answer

The cell will swell and possibly burst; the solution is hypotonic.

Question 3

Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 4

Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP via aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 5

A cell is actively transporting sodium ions out of the cell against their concentration gradient. Which of the following statements is true about this process?

Accepted Answer

It requires ATP and is an example of active transport.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the structure of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A double bilayer of phospholipids with embedded proteins.

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Acting as enzymes to catalyze reactions at the membrane.

Question 8

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypertonic relative to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

The cells will shrink as water leaves the cells.

Question 9

Which process involves the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why plant cells do not burst when placed in a hypotonic solution, while animal cells might?

Accepted Answer

Plant cells have a rigid cell wall that provides structural support.

Question 11

Which organelle is responsible for digesting ingested bacteria, viruses, and worn-out cell parts?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 12

A scientist observes a cell with a nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 13

Which of the following equations best represents the process of aerobic cellular respiration in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

$6 \text{O}_2 + \text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 \rightarrow 6 \text{CO}_2 + 6 \text{H}_2\text{O} + \text{ATP}$

Question 14

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration with the help of carrier proteins, without using ATP.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of ATP.

Question 16

A cell engulfs a large particle by extending its plasma membrane around it, forming a vesicle. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why the plasma membrane is described as a 'fluid mosaic'?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with proteins embedded throughout, allowing lateral movement.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of peroxisomes in the cell?

Accepted Answer

They break down hydrogen peroxide using catalase enzymes.

Question 19

A cell is placed in an isotonic solution. What will happen to the movement of water across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

There will be no net movement of water; water moves equally in both directions.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

They synthesize proteins by linking amino acids together.

Chapter 3: Cells – The Living Units (Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes)

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