Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of phospholipids in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They form a bilayer that creates a selectively permeable barrier between the intracellular and extracellular environments.

Question 2

A scientist isolates a protein from the plasma membrane and finds that it can be removed by washing the membrane with a high-salt solution, but not by disrupting the lipid bilayer. What type of protein is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Peripheral membrane protein

Question 3

During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for joining Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand?

Accepted Answer

DNA ligase

Question 4

Given the following DNA template strand: $5'\ ATG\ CCG\ TAA\ 3'$ , what is the corresponding mRNA sequence produced during transcription?

Accepted Answer

$5'\ UAC\ GGC\ AUU\ 3'$

Question 5

Which of the following best explains the function of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It increases membrane fluidity at low temperatures and decreases it at high temperatures.

Question 6

A mutation changes the start codon in an mRNA sequence from AUG to UAG. What is the most likely consequence for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Translation will terminate prematurely, and no protein will be produced.

Question 7

Which process involves the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 8

If a cell's plasma membrane loses its glycolipids, which function would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Cell recognition and communication

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the genetic code is correct?

Accepted Answer

The genetic code is universal and degenerate, meaning multiple codons can code for the same amino acid.

Question 10

A patient is diagnosed with a disease that affects the function of channel proteins in their cell membranes. Which symptom would most likely be observed?

Accepted Answer

Impaired transport of ions across the membrane

Question 11

During translation, which molecule brings amino acids to the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

tRNA

Question 12

Which of the following best describes semiconservative replication?

Accepted Answer

Each new DNA molecule consists of one parental strand and one newly synthesized strand.

Question 13

Which step in transcription involves the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter region?

Accepted Answer

Initiation

Question 14

Given the mRNA sequence $5'\ AUG\ GCU\ UAA\ 3'$ , what is the resulting amino acid sequence?

Accepted Answer

Methionine - Alanine - Stop

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins for the cell

Question 16

A cell is observed to have a high concentration of integral proteins. Which function is most likely enhanced in this cell?

Accepted Answer

Transport of molecules across the membrane

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the flow of genetic information in a cell?

Accepted Answer

DNA $\rightarrow$ RNA $\rightarrow$ Protein

Question 18

Which process is directly responsible for the synthesis of polypeptides from mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Translation

Question 19

A researcher provides the following DNA coding strand: $5'\ ATG\ GAA\ CCT\ 3'$ . What is the corresponding mRNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

$5'\ AUG\ GAA\ CCU\ 3'$

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of peripheral membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Acting as enzymes or signaling molecules on the membrane surface

Chapter 3 – Cells: The Living Units (Human Anatomy & Physiology I) – Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards