Q: Which equation correctly represents the process by which DNA creates RNA?

$$\mathrm{DNA} \xrightarrow{\text{transcription}} \mathrm{mRNA}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the plasma (cell) membrane?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 2

A scientist places a red blood cell in a solution and observes that the cell swells and eventually bursts. What type of solution was the cell placed in?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic solution

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for synthesizing proteins in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 4

During DNA transcription, which molecule is produced as a direct result?

Accepted Answer

mRNA

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the process by which DNA creates RNA?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{DNA} \xrightarrow{	ext{transcription}} \mathrm{mRNA}$$

Question 6

Which of the following best explains the difference between passive and active transport across the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Passive transport moves substances down their concentration gradient without energy input, while active transport requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient.

Question 7

A cell is placed in a solution with a higher solute concentration than its cytoplasm. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink as water leaves the cell.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a component of a typical eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Question 9

Which process is responsible for programmed cell death, and why is it important in biology?

Accepted Answer

Apoptosis; it removes damaged or unnecessary cells.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between benign and malignant tumors?

Accepted Answer

Malignant tumors can metastasize to other parts of the body, while benign tumors do not.

Question 11

Which of the following equations represents the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane due to osmosis?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta \Psi = \Psi_{inside} - \Psi_{outside}$$

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why facilitated diffusion is necessary for some molecules to cross the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Because some molecules are too large or polar to pass through the lipid bilayer without assistance.

Question 13

A patient is diagnosed with a tumor that has spread to distant organs. Which term best describes this tumor?

Accepted Answer

Metastatic

Question 14

Which of the following statements about DNA and RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA stores genetic information, while RNA helps in protein synthesis.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between mitotic and meiotic cell cycles?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis produces gametes with half the chromosome number, while mitosis produces somatic cells with the full chromosome number.

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-world example of active transport in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

Sodium-potassium pump maintaining ion gradients in nerve cells.

Question 17

Which property of the plasma membrane allows it to selectively permit certain substances to enter or exit the cell?

Accepted Answer

Selective permeability

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why cancer cells are considered malignant?

Accepted Answer

They divide uncontrollably and can invade other tissues.

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Transcription, then translation

Question 20

A cell is exposed to a toxin that inhibits the function of ribosomes. What process will be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Chapter 3: Cellular Level – Study Guide for Anatomy & Physiology

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