Question 1

Which of the following best explains why cells are typically small in size?

Accepted Answer

Smaller cells have a higher surface area-to-volume ratio, allowing efficient exchange of materials with their environment.

Question 2

A patient with Graves' disease experiences symptoms because their cell membranes overreact to a normal hormone signal. Which cellular property is most directly involved in this pathological response?

Accepted Answer

Selective permeability of the cell membrane

Question 3

Which of the following statements is NOT a part of the cell theory?

Accepted Answer

All cells contain a nucleus.

Question 4

Which organelle is primarily responsible for assembling lipids and modifying new polypeptide chains before sorting and shipping them to their destinations?

Accepted Answer

Endomembrane system

Question 5

A cell with an extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is likely specialized for which function?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of large amounts of protein

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the structure of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

A bilayer of phospholipids with hydrophilic heads facing outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of lysosomes within a cell?

Accepted Answer

Digesting and recycling cellular debris

Question 8

A scientist discovers a single-celled organism that lacks a nucleus and internal organelles. Which type of cell is this organism most likely composed of?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why earwax supports homeostasis in the ear?

Accepted Answer

It repels water, preventing microbial growth and protecting the ear canal.

Question 10

Which of the following is a direct consequence of a cell having a low surface area-to-volume ratio?

Accepted Answer

Materials cannot be moved in or out of the cell fast enough to support life.

Question 11

Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP through oxygen-dependent reactions?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of the cytoskeleton in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support and enables organelle movement within the cell.

Question 13

Which of the following is a property of phospholipids that is critical for cell membrane function?

Accepted Answer

They have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, allowing formation of a bilayer.

Question 14

A cell with an increased number of peroxisomes is likely specialized for which function?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification of harmful substances

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

It puts finishing touches on proteins and lipids and packages them for shipment.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about chromatin?

Accepted Answer

Chromatin is the loose, usable form of DNA and proteins in the nucleus.

Question 17

Which of the following cell junctions allows small molecules to diffuse directly between neighboring cells?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 18

If a cell is observed to have a large number of ribosomes attached to its endoplasmic reticulum, what is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Production and secretion of proteins

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids are suitable as the main component of cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Their amphipathic nature allows them to form a bilayer that separates the internal and external environments.

Question 20

A mutation causes a cell to lack functional lysosomes. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of cellular debris due to impaired digestion

Chapter 3 Part 1: Cells and Their Organelles – Structure and Function

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