mRNA: $$\text{AUG}$$, tRNA: $$\text{UAC}$$

mRNA: $$\text{CGA}$$, tRNA: $$\text{GCU}$$

Question 1

Which of the following is an example of a cytoskeletal component responsible for maintaining cell shape and resisting tension within the cell?

Accepted Answer

Intermediate filaments

Question 2

A cell is observed to have abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). Which function is most likely enhanced in this cell?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis for export

Question 3

During transcription, which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing mRNA from a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase

Question 4

Given the DNA base triplet $$	ext{TAC}$$, what is the corresponding mRNA codon and tRNA anticodon?

Accepted Answer

mRNA: $$	ext{AUG}$$, tRNA: $$	ext{UAC}$$

Question 5

Which organelle is primarily responsible for packaging and modifying proteins for secretion?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 6

Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes along the cell's equatorial plane?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 7

During meiosis, genetic variation is increased by two key processes. In which phases do these occur?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over: Prophase I; Independent assortment: Metaphase I

Question 8

A patient is diagnosed with a malignant tumor. Which of the following best describes this type of tumor?

Accepted Answer

It invades surrounding tissues and can metastasize to distant sites.

Question 9

Which type of cancer originates from epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Carcinoma

Question 10

Which of the following best describes a somatic cell?

Accepted Answer

Any body cell except sperm and egg cells

Question 11

A mutation occurs in the gene coding for actin. Which cytoskeletal function is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Cell movement and muscle contraction

Question 12

Which step of protein synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm and involves the assembly of amino acids into a polypeptide chain?

Accepted Answer

Translation

Question 13

A cell is observed to have a large number of lysosomes. Which function is most likely enhanced in this cell?

Accepted Answer

Intracellular digestion and breakdown of waste

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces two identical cells; meiosis produces four genetically unique cells.

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the four phases of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Question 16

A patient presents with leukemia. Which tissue type is primarily affected?

Accepted Answer

Blood-forming tissue

Question 17

If a DNA sequence is $$	ext{GCT}$$, what is the corresponding mRNA codon and tRNA anticodon?

Accepted Answer

mRNA: $$	ext{CGA}$$, tRNA: $$	ext{GCU}$$

Question 18

Which cytoskeletal element is essential for the movement of cilia and flagella?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 19

A researcher observes that a cell is unable to complete cytokinesis after mitosis. Which cytoskeletal structure is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Microfilaments

Question 20

Which type of cancer arises from connective tissue such as bone, cartilage, or fat?

Accepted Answer

Sarcoma

Chapter 3 Part B Study Guide: Cell Structure, Function, and Division

Study Guide - Practice Questions