Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents aerobic cellular respiration in mitochondria?

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP + \text{heat}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in a typical animal cell?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the exchange of substances between the intracellular and extracellular environments.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the most likely outcome, and which process is responsible?

Accepted Answer

The cell will shrink due to water leaving the cell by osmosis.

Question 3

Which of the following organelles is primarily responsible for the breakdown of fatty acids and detoxification of hydrogen peroxide in liver cells?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 4

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur, and what is the main enzyme involved?

Accepted Answer

S phase; DNA polymerase

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why the plasma membrane is described as 'semipermeable'?

Accepted Answer

It allows some substances to cross while restricting others based on size, charge, or solubility.

Question 6

A cell is observed to have an abundance of rough endoplasmic reticulum. What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Production of large amounts of proteins for export

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents aerobic cellular respiration in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 ightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP + 	ext{heat}$$

Question 8

Which type of cell junction is most important in preventing the leakage of digestive enzymes between epithelial cells lining the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions

Question 9

A scientist observes that a certain cell type has many mitochondria. What can be inferred about the function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

It is likely to require large amounts of ATP for its activities.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It helps maintain membrane integrity and fluidity.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct statement about facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It uses membrane proteins to transport polar molecules down their concentration gradient.

Question 12

A cell is placed in a solution and begins to swell and eventually bursts. Which type of solution was the cell placed in, and what is the process called?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic; hemolysis

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of the Na+/K+ pump in active transport?

Accepted Answer

It moves 3 Na+ ions out of the cell and 2 K+ ions into the cell using ATP.

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding the genetic code in the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

The triplet code means that three DNA bases code for one amino acid.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why cancer cells are dangerous to the body?

Accepted Answer

They divide uncontrollably and can invade surrounding tissues, leading to metastasis.

Question 16

Which of the following is a key difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis results in two genetically identical diploid cells, while meiosis results in four genetically unique haploid cells.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of gap junctions in cardiac muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

They allow the direct passage of ions and small molecules, enabling coordinated contraction.

Question 18

A cell is observed to have a large number of lysosomes. Which of the following is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Intracellular digestion and breakdown of waste materials

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of exocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane to release contents outside the cell.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about homologous chromosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They code for the same traits but may have different alleles.

Chapter 3: The Cell – Structure and Function in Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards