Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a basic process carried out by all cells?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 2

The plasma membrane is primarily responsible for which of the following functions?

Accepted Answer

Regulating transport into and out of the cell

Question 3

Which component of the cytoplasm is responsible for maintaining cell shape and providing transportation for substances within the cell?

Accepted Answer

Cytoskeleton

Question 4

A cell placed in a hypertonic solution will:

Accepted Answer

Lose water and shrivel

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the structure of the phospholipid bilayer?

Accepted Answer

Polar heads facing the ECF and cytosol, nonpolar tails in the center

Question 6

Which equation best represents the movement of solute during diffusion?

Accepted Answer

$J = -D \frac{dC}{dx}$

Question 7

The sodium-potassium pump moves ions against their concentration gradients. For each cycle, how many sodium and potassium ions are transported, and in which direction?

Accepted Answer

3 sodium out, 2 potassium in

Question 8

Which of the following is TRUE regarding osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis requires a selectively permeable membrane

Question 9

A patient receives an IV solution that is hypotonic compared to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells will gain water and may lyse

Question 10

Which type of membrane protein is most likely to act as a receptor for a hormone?

Accepted Answer

Integral protein

Question 11

Which process requires energy in the form of ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 12

Which of the following is a consequence of the sodium-potassium pump activity in neurons?

Accepted Answer

Establishment of a negative resting membrane potential

Question 13

Which of the following best describes secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

Couples the movement of one solute down its gradient to move another against its gradient

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of glycoproteins found on the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Cell recognition

Question 15

A drug that binds to a membrane receptor and mimics the action of the natural ligand is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

Agonist

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE about facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It requires a membrane protein

Question 17

Which equation best represents the relationship between osmotic pressure ($\Pi$), solute concentration ($C$), and temperature ($T$) in a solution?

Accepted Answer

$\Pi = iCRT$

Question 18

Which process involves the engulfment of large particles such as bacteria by immune cells?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 19

What is the main difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion requires a membrane protein, simple diffusion does not

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why dehydration during exercise can be dangerous for cells?

Accepted Answer

The ECF becomes hypertonic, causing cells to lose water and shrink

Chapter 3: The Cell – Structure and Function in Human Anatomy & Physiology

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