$$ATP \rightarrow ADP + P_i + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the cell theory?

Accepted Answer

All living things are composed of cells, and cells arise only from preexisting cells.

Question 2

Which of the following elements is NOT part of the CHNOPS group, the most common elements in life on Earth?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 3

A scientist observes a cell with a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and genetic material not enclosed by a membrane. Which type of cell is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 4

Why do cells remain small in size?

Accepted Answer

To maximize their surface-to-volume ratio for efficient nutrient acquisition and waste disposal.

Question 5

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins that are exported from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Bound ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 6

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will diffuse out of the cell, causing it to shrink.

Question 7

Which process requires energy input from ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 8

What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Refining, packaging, and shipping cellular products

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the structure of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A fluid mosaic of phospholipids and proteins

Question 10

During cellular respiration, what is the net ATP yield from glycolysis per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$

Question 11

Which organelle is known as the 'power plant' of the cell and is the site of most ATP production?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct equation for the breakdown of ATP to release energy?

Accepted Answer

$$ATP ightarrow ADP + P_i + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 13

Which metabolic process assembles larger molecules from smaller ones and requires energy input?

Accepted Answer

Anabolism

Question 14

A patient is experiencing muscle fatigue and a burning sensation after intense exercise. Which metabolic pathway is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Anaerobic metabolism producing lactic acid

Question 15

Which of the following molecules can cross the plasma membrane by simple diffusion?

Accepted Answer

O$$_2$$

Question 16

What is the role of the sodium-potassium pump in maintaining cell volume?

Accepted Answer

It expels three Na$$^+$$ ions for every two K$$^+$$ ions brought into the cell, regulating water content.

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE about facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It uses transport proteins to move molecules down their concentration gradient.

Question 18

Which cellular structure is primarily responsible for maintaining cell shape and enabling movement?

Accepted Answer

Cytoskeleton

Question 19

Which of the following statements about metabolic pathways is correct?

Accepted Answer

Metabolic pathways can be linear, branched, or cyclic.

Question 20

Which of the following is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

O$$_2$$

NamBagPP3

Study Guide - Practice Questions