Q: Which of the following is a correct representation of the overall chemical equation for cellular respiration?

$ C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{energy} $

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between anabolism and catabolism in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Anabolism builds large molecules from smaller ones, requiring energy; catabolism breaks down large molecules into smaller ones, releasing energy.

Question 2

During glycolysis, how many molecules of ATP are produced per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

2 molecules of ATP

Question 3

Which enzyme is responsible for catalyzing the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP during the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

ATP synthase

Question 4

A patient with phenylketonuria (PKU) lacks which enzyme, leading to the buildup of phenylalanine?

Accepted Answer

Phenylalanine hydroxylase

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct representation of the overall chemical equation for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$ C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 ightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 	ext{energy} $

Question 6

Which process occurs in the mitochondria and is responsible for the majority of ATP production during aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain

Question 7

If oxygen is not available, which pathway will pyruvic acid follow after glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

It is converted to lactic acid in anaerobic reactions.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about enzymes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for reactions.

Question 9

Which factor would NOT directly affect the rate of enzyme activity?

Accepted Answer

Presence of ribosomes

Question 10

During the citric acid cycle, what is the fate of acetyl CoA?

Accepted Answer

It combines with oxaloacetic acid to form citric acid.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains the role of NADH in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

NADH carries electrons to the electron transport chain for ATP production.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a product of the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide

Question 13

Which process is responsible for the conversion of glycogen to glucose?

Accepted Answer

Glycogenolysis

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Double-stranded helix with complementary base pairing (A-T and G-C)

Question 15

A mutation that adds, deletes, or changes a single base in DNA may result in:

Accepted Answer

A change in the protein structure and function

Question 16

Which RNA type carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis → Citric Acid Cycle → Electron Transport Chain

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE regarding DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds between bases break, and new nucleotides pair with exposed bases.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?

Accepted Answer

Provides structure and enzyme activity for ribosomes

Question 20

A person is exercising vigorously and their muscle cells are not receiving enough oxygen. Which metabolic pathway will be most active in their muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Anaerobic reactions converting pyruvic acid to lactic acid

Chapter 4: Cellular Metabolism – Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards