Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between kinetic and potential energy in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, while potential energy is stored energy in concentration gradients and chemical bonds.

Question 2

According to the first law of thermodynamics, which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

The total amount of energy in the universe is constant.

Question 3

A muscle cell contracts, moving organelles and changing cell shape. Which type of work is being performed?

Accepted Answer

Mechanical work

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents a decomposition reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$C \rightarrow A + B$$

Question 5

In an exergonic reaction, which of the following is true regarding free energy?

Accepted Answer

The reactants have more free energy than the products.

Question 6

Which statement about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy of reactions.

Question 7

A patient has elevated levels of creatine kinase (CK) in their blood. Which condition is most likely indicated?

Accepted Answer

Myocardial infarction (heart attack)

Question 8

Which of the following best explains feedback inhibition in metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

The end product of a pathway inhibits the activity of an enzyme earlier in the pathway.

Question 9

Which of the following reactions is catalyzed by kinases?

Accepted Answer

Addition of a phosphate group

Question 10

During aerobic metabolism, how many ATP molecules are produced from one glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

30-32 ATP

Question 11

Which process describes the conversion of DNA to RNA?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 12

Which of the following is true about catabolism?

Accepted Answer

It is an energy-releasing process that breaks down molecules.

Question 13

A cell is exposed to a pH of 5. What is the likely effect on most human enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Enzyme activity will decrease significantly.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct example of a hydrolysis reaction?

Accepted Answer

Addition of water to break a bond

Question 15

Which statement about isozymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isozymes catalyze the same reaction but under different conditions or in different tissues.

Question 16

Which equation best represents the net ATP yield from glycolysis under anaerobic conditions?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 2 ADP + 2 P_i \rightarrow 2 ATP + 2 C_3H_6O_3$$

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a way cells regulate their metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

Using the same enzyme for all reversible reactions

Question 18

Which statement about protein synthesis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Translation is the process of assembling amino acids into a protein chain using mRNA as a template.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of coenzymes in enzymatic reactions?

Accepted Answer

They are small organic molecules derived from vitamins that assist enzyme function.

Question 20

A mutation causes a gene to be constitutively active. What is the most likely result?

Accepted Answer

The gene is continuously converted to RNA regardless of regulatory signals.

Chapter 4: Energy and Cellular Metabolism – Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions