Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the extracellular matrix (ECM)?

Accepted Answer

They attract positively charged ions, drawing water into the ECM and helping tissues resist compression.

Question 2

A patient with Marfan syndrome is at greatest risk for which of the following potentially fatal complications?

Accepted Answer

Aortic rupture due to dilation of the largest artery in the body

Question 3

Which type of cell junction is most important for preventing the passage of macromolecules between adjacent epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

Tight (occluding) junctions

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why simple squamous epithelium is found lining the air sacs of the lungs?

Accepted Answer

It allows for rapid diffusion of gases due to its thin, flat structure.

Question 5

Which of the following is a key difference between exocrine and endocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Exocrine glands release their products onto epithelial surfaces via ducts, while endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.

Question 6

A tissue sample shows cells with multiple layers, with the apical layer consisting of flat cells and the basal layer containing cuboidal cells. Which type of epithelium is this?

Accepted Answer

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of reticular fibers in connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

They form a supportive meshwork that traps foreign cells and supports the structure of organs.

Question 8

Which connective tissue cell type is primarily responsible for producing the protein fibers and ground substance of the ECM?

Accepted Answer

Fibroblasts

Question 9

A biopsy from a patient’s tendon reveals parallel bundles of thick collagen fibers. Which type of connective tissue is this?

Accepted Answer

Dense regular collagenous connective tissue

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why cartilage heals poorly after injury?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage lacks a blood supply and often heals by fibrosis rather than regeneration.

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of neuroglial cells in nervous tissue?

Accepted Answer

Anchoring neurons and blood vessels, and supporting neuron function

Question 12

Which type of membrane lines body cavities that do NOT open to the outside and produces a lubricating fluid?

Accepted Answer

Serous membrane

Question 13

A patient with a nonhealing wound is found to have poor arterial blood flow and a vitamin C deficiency. Which of the following best explains the impaired tissue repair?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C is required for fibroblasts to produce collagen, and adequate blood supply is necessary for nutrient delivery during repair.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process of transcellular transport across simple epithelia?

Accepted Answer

Substances enter the cell, diffuse through the cytosol, and exit through the opposite surface.

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding the repair of cardiac muscle tissue after injury?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle tissue generally heals by fibrosis, forming scar tissue.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the main function of brown adipose tissue in infants?

Accepted Answer

Producing heat to maintain body temperature

Question 17

Which of the following is a characteristic of pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

Accepted Answer

It appears multilayered due to nuclei at different heights, but all cells contact the basement membrane.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why dense irregular connective tissue is found in the dermis of the skin?

Accepted Answer

It resists tension in multiple directions due to its haphazard arrangement of collagen fibers.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of gap junctions in cardiac muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

They allow ions and small molecules to pass, enabling coordinated contraction of the heart.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a connective tissue cell and its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Adipocyte – storage of lipids for energy

Chapter 4: Histology – Structure and Function of Tissues

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