Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the extracellular matrix (ECM)?

Accepted Answer

They attract positively charged ions, drawing water into the ECM and helping tissues resist compression.

Question 2

A patient presents with joint dislocations, long limbs, and aortic dilation. Genetic testing reveals a defect in the gene for fibrillin-1. Which tissue component is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Elastic fibers

Question 3

Which type of epithelial tissue is best suited for rapid diffusion of gases and is found lining the air sacs of the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 4

Which of the following cell junctions allows for the direct passage of small molecules between adjacent cells?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 5

A biopsy of a gland reveals that its secretory cells accumulate product in the cytosol, then rupture and die to release their contents. Which type of secretion is this?

Accepted Answer

Holocrine

Question 6

Which connective tissue type is specialized for energy storage, insulation, and shock absorption?

Accepted Answer

Adipose tissue

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why cartilage heals poorly after injury?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage lacks a blood supply and often heals by fibrosis rather than regeneration.

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of neuroglial cells in nervous tissue?

Accepted Answer

Anchoring neurons and blood vessels, and supporting neuron function

Question 9

A tissue sample shows cells with multiple nuclei, striations, and voluntary control. Which tissue is this?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the process of fibrosis during tissue repair?

Accepted Answer

Fibroblasts produce collagen to fill the defect, resulting in scar tissue.

Question 11

Which membrane type lines body cavities that do NOT open to the outside and produces a lubricating fluid?

Accepted Answer

Serous membrane

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the main difference between simple and stratified epithelia?

Accepted Answer

Simple epithelia have a single layer of cells; stratified epithelia have multiple layers.

Question 13

Which of the following is a characteristic of dense regular connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Collagen fibers are arranged in parallel bundles, providing strength in one direction.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why vitamin C deficiency can impair wound healing?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C is required for fibroblasts to synthesize collagen, which is essential for tissue repair.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of reticular fibers in connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

They form a supportive meshwork that traps foreign cells and supports soft tissues.

Question 16

A tissue sample from the trachea shows ciliated cells and goblet cells in a single layer that appears stratified. What is the most likely tissue type?

Accepted Answer

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the main function of osteoclasts in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They break down bone matrix by secreting hydrogen ions and enzymes.

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the repair capacity of cardiac muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle tissue generally heals by fibrosis due to its inability to undergo mitosis.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the main function of the basement membrane in epithelial tissues?

Accepted Answer

It anchors the epithelial tissue to the underlying connective tissue.

Question 20

Which of the following is a key difference between exocrine and endocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Exocrine glands secrete their products onto epithelial surfaces via ducts, while endocrine glands release hormones directly into the bloodstream.

Chapter 4: Histology – The Study of Tissues

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