Question 1

Which of the following best explains why epithelial tissues are avascular but can still receive nutrients?

Accepted Answer

Nutrients diffuse from underlying connective tissues through the basement membrane to nourish epithelial cells.

Question 2

A patient suffers a severe burn that destroys the epidermis and damages the underlying dermis. Which tissue types are primarily affected, and what is the likely consequence for tissue repair?

Accepted Answer

Stratified squamous epithelium and dense irregular connective tissue; regeneration is possible, but fibrosis may occur, resulting in scar formation.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the basement membrane is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

It consists of the basal lamina (from epithelial cells) and the reticular lamina (from connective tissue).

Question 4

A biopsy of a patient's trachea reveals a single layer of cells of varying heights, with nuclei at different levels and cilia on the apical surface. Which type of epithelium is this?

Accepted Answer

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 5

Which connective tissue fiber type is most responsible for providing high tensile strength to tissues such as tendons?

Accepted Answer

Collagen fibers

Question 6

A newborn is found to have difficulty maintaining body temperature. Which connective tissue is most likely underdeveloped, and what is its primary function in infants?

Accepted Answer

Brown adipose tissue; generates heat by metabolizing lipids

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the interstitial fluid and blood, while exocrine glands secrete products onto body surfaces or into body cavities via ducts.

Question 8

A tissue sample shows cells with multiple nuclei, visible striations, and voluntary control. Which tissue is this, and what is its main function?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle; producing movement of bones

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of mast cells in connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Initiation of local inflammatory responses by releasing histamine and other chemicals

Question 10

A patient with a genetic defect in the production of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) would most likely have connective tissue with which characteristic?

Accepted Answer

Decreased viscosity of ground substance, leading to less support and cushioning

Question 11

Which membrane lines body cavities that are open to the exterior and is composed of an epithelial layer overlying loose connective tissue called the lamina propria?

Accepted Answer

Mucous membrane

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why cartilage heals poorly after injury?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage lacks nerve fibers and is avascular, so nutrients and repair cells reach it slowly.

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the regenerative capacity of tissues?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle and cartilage have weak regenerative capacity.

Question 14

A gland that accumulates its product until the entire cell ruptures, releasing its contents, is classified as which type of gland?

Accepted Answer

Holocrine gland

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the structural difference between dense regular and dense irregular connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Dense regular connective tissue has collagen fibers arranged in parallel bundles, while dense irregular connective tissue has collagen fibers arranged in multiple directions.

Question 16

A tissue sample from the urinary bladder shows an epithelium with dome-shaped apical cells that flatten when the bladder is full. What type of epithelium is this, and what is its main function?

Accepted Answer

Transitional epithelium; allows stretching to accommodate fluctuating urine volume

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of the serous membrane (serosae) in the body?

Accepted Answer

It lines closed ventral body cavities and produces a lubricating fluid to reduce friction between organs.

Question 18

Which of the following cell types is responsible for synthesizing the extracellular matrix in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts

Question 19

A patient presents with a scar that impairs the function of the heart after a myocardial infarction. Which process is primarily responsible for this outcome?

Accepted Answer

Fibrosis, where connective tissue replaces destroyed cardiac muscle

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of neuroglia in nervous tissue?

Accepted Answer

Supporting, insulating, and protecting neurons

Chapter 4: Tissue—The Living Fabric (A&P Study Notes)

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