Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the hypodermis (subcutaneous tissue) in the integumentary system?

Accepted Answer

It stores fat, anchors the skin to underlying structures, and acts as a shock absorber and insulator.

Question 2

A patient presents with a burn that is red, swollen, and painful, but does not blister. Which classification best describes this burn?

Accepted Answer

First-degree burn

Question 3

Which cell type in the epidermis is primarily responsible for producing the pigment that protects against UV radiation?

Accepted Answer

Melanocytes

Question 4

A 35-year-old woman notices a mole on her arm that has changed in color, has irregular borders, and is larger than 6 mm. According to the ABCDE rule for melanoma, which of the following is NOT a criterion?

Accepted Answer

Consistency

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why third-degree burns are often not painful at the site of injury?

Accepted Answer

The burn destroys the entire thickness of the skin, including nerve endings.

Question 6

A patient has burns covering the entire anterior torso (18%), both arms (18%), and the entire left lower extremity (18%). According to the Rule of Nines, what percentage of the body is burned?

Accepted Answer

$$18\% + 18\% + 18\% = 54\%$$

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of eccrine (merocrine) sweat glands?

Accepted Answer

Producing sweat primarily for temperature regulation

Question 8

Which layer of the epidermis is only present in thick skin, such as the palms of the hands and soles of the feet?

Accepted Answer

Stratum lucidum

Question 9

A patient presents with yellowing of the skin and eyes. Which pigment and underlying condition is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Bilirubin; jaundice

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the main difference between apocrine and eccrine sweat glands?

Accepted Answer

Eccrine glands secrete sweat for temperature regulation, while apocrine glands secrete a thicker fluid that, when broken down by bacteria, produces body odor.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of the integumentary system?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose

Question 12

A patient with a genetic disorder is unable to produce melanin. Which condition does this describe, and what is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Albinism; increased sensitivity to UV radiation

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why the skin is not easily infected despite constant exposure to bacteria?

Accepted Answer

The skin's acid mantle, high salt content in sweat, and antimicrobial agents inhibit bacterial growth.

Question 14

Which of the following skin cancers is most likely to metastasize and is considered the most dangerous?

Accepted Answer

Melanoma

Question 15

A 60-year-old patient presents with dry, thin, and itchy skin, increased wrinkling, and hair thinning. Which of the following best explains these changes?

Accepted Answer

Decreased epidermal replacement, reduced sebaceous gland activity, and loss of subcutaneous fat and elasticity

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct sequence of the layers of the epidermis from deepest to most superficial in thick skin?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

Question 17

A patient presents with a localized, red, swollen, and painful area on the skin with blisters. Which type of burn is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Second-degree burn

Question 18

Which of the following is a major risk associated with severe burns covering a large percentage of the body?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance leading to renal shutdown and circulatory shock

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of sebaceous glands?

Accepted Answer

Produce sebum to lubricate hair and skin and slow water loss

Question 20

A patient is diagnosed with cyanosis. Which of the following best describes the underlying cause and clinical appearance?

Accepted Answer

Low oxygenation of hemoglobin; bluish discoloration of lips, nails, and skin

Chapter 5: The Integumentary System – Structure, Function, and Clinical Aspects

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