Q: Which equation represents the calculation for the percentage of body surface area affected by burns using the rule of nines for an adult, and what percentage does the head represent?

Total burn area $$= \text{Sum of affected regions} \times 9\%$$; head = $$9\%$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the tissue type and primary function of the stratum corneum in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium; provides a water-resistant barrier

Question 2

A patient presents with a burn that has destroyed the epidermis, dermis, and extends into the hypodermis. Which degree of burn is this, and why might it be less painful than a second degree burn?

Accepted Answer

Third degree burn; sensory nerves are destroyed

Question 3

Which cell type is responsible for producing melanin, and what is its primary function in the skin?

Accepted Answer

Melanocyte; protects DNA from UV damage

Question 4

Which layer of the epidermis is only found in thick skin, such as the palms and soles, and what proteins are present in this layer?

Accepted Answer

Stratum lucidum; keratin and keratohyalin

Question 5

Which of the following best explains the formation and purpose of fingerprints?

Accepted Answer

Epidermal ridges and dermal papillae increase surface area for attachment and enhance grip

Question 6

A person suffers a second degree burn. Which layers of the skin are affected, and what is a major risk associated with this type of burn?

Accepted Answer

Entire epidermis and part of the dermis; risk of infection due to blister rupture

Question 7

Which equation represents the calculation for the percentage of body surface area affected by burns using the rule of nines for an adult, and what percentage does the head represent?

Accepted Answer

Total burn area $$= 	ext{Sum of affected regions} 	imes 9\%$$; head = $$9\%$$

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine glands release hormones into the bloodstream; exocrine glands secrete substances onto epithelial surfaces

Question 9

Which anatomical structure of the dermis contains capillaries, lymphatic vessels, and sensory nerve fibers, and what is its tissue type?

Accepted Answer

Papillary layer; areolar tissue

Question 10

A patient is unable to sweat normally due to a malfunction in their sweat glands. Which type of gland is primarily responsible for thermoregulation, and where are they located?

Accepted Answer

Eccrine sweat glands; distributed throughout most of the skin surface

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the process of insensible perspiration?

Accepted Answer

Water from interstitial fluid diffuses out on the surface and evaporates without awareness

Question 12

Which cell type is found in the stratum basale and is responsible for touch sensation?

Accepted Answer

Merkel cell

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding the hair growth cycle and the difference between terminal and vellus hair?

Accepted Answer

Terminal hair is thicker and pigmented, vellus hair is fine and unpigmented

Question 14

Which layer of the skin is NOT considered part of the integument, and what is its primary tissue type?

Accepted Answer

Hypodermis; areolar and adipose tissue

Question 15

During skin repair after damage, which step is necessary for the formation of scar tissue, and why can't third degree burns repair themselves?

Accepted Answer

Granulation tissue formation; epithelial cells are unable to cover the injury

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the changes that occur in the skin as we age?

Accepted Answer

Reduced collagen and elastic fibers, decreased gland activity, and thinning of the epidermis

Question 17

Which of the following is a major anatomical structure of the nail, and what is its function?

Accepted Answer

Nail matrix; site of nail growth and cell division

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the location and function of sebaceous glands?

Accepted Answer

Connected to hair follicles; secrete sebum to lubricate and protect the skin

Question 19

Which scenario best illustrates the protective function of keratinocytes in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

A person avoids dehydration and infection after a minor abrasion due to the intact keratinized barrier

Chapter 5: The Integumentary System – Study Guide Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards