Question 1

Which type of cartilage is most abundant in the human body and provides support with flexibility and resilience, forming structures such as the costal cartilages and articular surfaces of joints?

Accepted Answer

Hyaline cartilage

Question 2

A patient presents with difficulty breathing due to a collapsed airway. Which cartilage type is most likely deficient or damaged in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

Elastic cartilage

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the composition of bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

Collagen fibers and hydroxyapatite crystals

Question 4

Which bone cell type is responsible for bone resorption and contains lysosomal enzymes to break down bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast

Question 5

A 7-year-old child is diagnosed with rickets. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D deficiency

Question 6

Which of the following bone markings is described as a large, blunt, irregularly shaped process found only on the femur?

Accepted Answer

Trochanter

Question 7

What is the primary difference between compact bone and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone contains osteons, while spongy bone contains trabeculae.

Question 8

During endochondral ossification, which event occurs first?

Accepted Answer

Development of a bone collar around the diaphysis

Question 9

Which equation best represents the chemical composition of hydroxyapatite, the main inorganic component of bone?

Accepted Answer

$Ca_{10}(PO_4)_6(OH)_2$

Question 10

A 70-year-old woman suffers a hip fracture after a minor fall. Her bone density scan shows significant loss of bone mass. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis

Question 11

Which process allows bones to grow in length during childhood and adolescence?

Accepted Answer

Interstitial growth at the epiphyseal plate

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of bone?

Accepted Answer

Hormone synthesis

Question 13

Which bone cell type is embedded in the bone matrix and maintains bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Osteocyte

Question 14

Which type of bone is best exemplified by the vertebrae?

Accepted Answer

Irregular bone

Question 15

A fracture that results in the bone being broken into three or more pieces is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Comminuted fracture

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of canaliculi in compact bone?

Accepted Answer

They connect lacunae and allow for nutrient and waste exchange between osteocytes.

Question 17

Which process forms most bones of the body below the skull, starting from a hyaline cartilage model?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification

Question 18

Which bone marking is a shallow, basin-like depression often serving as an articular surface?

Accepted Answer

Fossa

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

Bone collar formation, cavity formation, periosteal bud invasion, secondary ossification center formation

Question 20

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of fibrocartilage compared to hyaline and elastic cartilage?

Accepted Answer

It contains thick collagen fibers and resists compression.

Chapter 6: Bone and Skeletal Tissues – Structure, Function, and Histology

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