Q: Which equation best represents the relationship between bone resorption and bone formation in osteoporosis?

$$\text{Bone resorption} \u003e \text{Bone formation}$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a major function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Production of hormones

Question 2

A student fractures the diaphysis of their femur. Which part of the long bone is affected?

Accepted Answer

The shaft of the bone

Question 3

Which bone type is best exemplified by the vertebrae?

Accepted Answer

Irregular bone

Question 4

The matrix of bone tissue is primarily composed of which two substances?

Accepted Answer

Collagen fibers and hydroxyapatite

Question 5

Arrange the following bone cells in the correct order of differentiation and match their primary function: osteoprogenitor, osteoblast, osteocyte, osteoclast.

Accepted Answer

Osteoprogenitor (stem cell) → Osteoblast (builds bone) → Osteocyte (maintains bone) → Osteoclast (breaks down bone)

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between compact and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone is dense and forms the outer layer; spongy bone is porous and found inside bones.

Question 7

Which surface covers the outside of bones and is involved in bone growth and repair?

Accepted Answer

Periosteum

Question 8

What is ossification?

Accepted Answer

The process of bone formation

Question 9

Which statement correctly distinguishes endochondral ossification from intramembranous ossification?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification replaces cartilage with bone; intramembranous ossification forms bone directly from mesenchyme.

Question 10

During endochondral ossification, which type of growth increases the length of a bone?

Accepted Answer

Interstitial growth

Question 11

A patient has elevated blood calcium levels. Which hormone is most likely to be secreted to restore balance, and what is its effect?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin; decreases blood calcium by inhibiting osteoclast activity

Question 12

Which equation best represents the relationship between bone resorption and bone formation in osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Bone resorption} \u003e 	ext{Bone formation}$$

Question 13

A 65-year-old woman is diagnosed with osteoporosis. Which of the following is a likely consequence of this condition?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of bone fractures

Question 14

Which of the following best describes appositional growth during endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

Increase in bone diameter by adding new layers to the periosteum

Question 15

If a patient has low blood calcium, which hormone is released and what is its effect on bone?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH); stimulates osteoclasts to increase bone resorption

Question 16

Which of the following bones is classified as a flat bone?

Accepted Answer

Sternum

Question 17

Which structure lines the internal surfaces of bones, including the medullary cavity?

Accepted Answer

Endosteum

Question 18

A child is diagnosed with a disorder affecting intramembranous ossification. Which bone is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Parietal bone of the skull

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why bone is considered a supportive connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

It has a solid matrix of collagen fibers and mineral deposits that provide structural support.

Question 20

A patient with hyperparathyroidism is likely to experience which effect on their bones?

Accepted Answer

Increased bone resorption leading to decreased bone density

Chapter 6: Bone Structure and Function – Guided Study Support

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