Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the axial skeleton?

Accepted Answer

Provides support and protection for the brain, spinal cord, heart, and lungs

Question 2

A patient presents with a fracture in the femur. Which bone shape classification does the femur belong to?

Accepted Answer

Long bone

Question 3

Which anatomical region of a long bone is primarily responsible for the production of red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Medullary cavity containing red bone marrow

Question 4

What is the basic functional unit of mature compact bone?

Accepted Answer

Osteon (Haversian system)

Question 5

Which bone cell is primarily responsible for producing new bone matrix during ossification?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblast

Question 6

A child is experiencing growth in height. Which process is primarily responsible for this increase?

Accepted Answer

Interstitial bone growth at the epiphyseal plate

Question 7

Which hormone stimulates osteoclasts to break down bone matrix and release calcium into the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 8

A compound (open) fracture is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A fracture that is completely internal and can only be seen on an x-ray

Question 9

Which of the following is true regarding the location of compact and spongy bone in a long bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone forms the outer layer and most of the diaphysis; spongy bone is mainly in the epiphyses

Question 10

Which bone shape is characterized by thin, roughly parallel surfaces and provides extensive surface area for muscle attachment?

Accepted Answer

Flat bone

Question 11

During appositional bone growth, which cells in the inner layer of the periosteum produce daughter cells that differentiate into osteoblasts?

Accepted Answer

Osteogenic cells

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of canaliculi in compact bone?

Accepted Answer

They are channels connecting lacunae for nutrient and waste exchange

Question 13

A patient with low blood calcium is treated with a hormone that increases renal production of calcitriol. Which hormone is most likely being administered?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 14

Which equation best represents the relationship between bone mass and appositional growth, assuming bone mass increases as the radius of the bone increases?

Accepted Answer

$$M = \pi (r_{outer}^2 - r_{inner}^2) h$$

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of the appendicular skeleton?

Accepted Answer

Provides support and protection for the brain and spinal cord

Question 16

Which bone cell is most important in repairing a fracture and is found in the endosteum lining the medullary cavity?

Accepted Answer

Osteogenic cell

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

Chondrocytes divide, making cartilage longer, which is gradually replaced by bone

Question 18

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of a simple (closed) fracture?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of infection or uncontrolled bleeding due to bone piercing the skin

Question 19

Which equation best represents the rate of calcium absorption in the intestines as enhanced by PTH and calcitriol?

Accepted Answer

$$R = k_1$ \cdot [PTH] + k_2$ \cdot [Calcitriol]$$

Chapter 6: Bones and Bone Structure – Study Guide for Anatomy & Physiology I

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards