Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a major function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Production of digestive enzymes

Question 2

A patient presents with a fracture in the shaft of their femur. Which anatomical term best describes this region of the bone?

Accepted Answer

Diaphysis

Question 3

Which type of bone is most likely to be found embedded within tendons at joints, such as the patella?

Accepted Answer

Sesamoid bone

Question 4

During bone remodeling, what would happen if the activity of osteoclasts consistently exceeded that of osteoblasts?

Accepted Answer

Bone would be broken down and weakened

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the process of endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

Bone replaces existing cartilage

Question 6

A child with a vitamin D deficiency develops bowed legs and difficulty walking. Which condition does this child most likely have?

Accepted Answer

Rickets

Question 7

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 8

If a person is exposed to high levels of lead, which of the following best explains how lead can become incorporated into their bones?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts mistake lead for calcium and deposit it into the bone

Question 9

Which of the following bone types is characterized by thin, parallel surfaces and provides protection for underlying soft tissues?

Accepted Answer

Flat bones

Question 10

A 12-year-old child enters puberty several years later than peers. Which of the following is the most likely effect on their adult height, and why?

Accepted Answer

Taller than average, because the epiphyseal plates remain open longer

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of osteocytes in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They maintain the protein and mineral content of the matrix

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the repair of a bone fracture?

Accepted Answer

Hematoma formation, fibrocartilaginous callus formation, bony callus formation, bone remodeling

Question 13

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between calcium ion concentration in blood ($[Ca^{2+}]$), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and bone resorption?

Accepted Answer

$\Delta [Ca^{2+}] = k \cdot [PTH]$

Question 14

A long bone is fractured and the periosteum is damaged. Which of the following is most likely to be impaired as a result?

Accepted Answer

Blood supply to the bone

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why osteoporosis is more common in older women than in older men?

Accepted Answer

Women experience a rapid decrease in sex hormones after menopause

Question 16

Which of the following statements about compact and spongy bone is correct?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone is organized into osteons, while spongy bone contains trabeculae

Question 17

A patient with a pituitary tumor produces excess growth hormone (GH) during childhood. What is the most likely effect on their skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Increased bone length and possible gigantism

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of canaliculi in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They allow for the exchange of nutrients and waste between osteocytes and blood vessels

Question 19

If the hydroxyapatite content of bone increases while collagen content remains the same, what is the most likely effect on the bone's properties?

Accepted Answer

Bone will have increased compressive strength but become more brittle

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the bones of a weightlifter's arms are thicker and heavier than those of a jogger?

Accepted Answer

Increased mechanical stress stimulates osteoblasts to deposit more bone matrix

Chapter 6: Bones and Bone Structure – Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology (BIO 141)

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