Question 1

Which of the following best describes a sesamoid bone, and where is it typically found?

Accepted Answer

A round bone embedded within a tendon, such as the patella.

Question 2

Which function of the skeletal system is directly related to the process of hematopoiesis?

Accepted Answer

Production of blood cells in red bone marrow.

Question 3

A patient presents with a fracture that penetrates the skin and is oriented perpendicular to the long axis of the bone. How would you classify this fracture?

Accepted Answer

Compound, transverse fracture.

Question 4

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclasts to break down bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 5

According to Wolff’s Law, what happens to bone tissue in response to increased mechanical stress?

Accepted Answer

Bone tissue grows or remodels to become stronger.

Question 6

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the healing of a bone fracture?

Accepted Answer

Hematoma forms, fibrocartilaginous callus forms, bony callus forms, bone remodeling.

Question 7

Which cell type is responsible for bone resorption during remodeling?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Question 8

During endochondral ossification, what is the first step in the formation of a long bone?

Accepted Answer

Development of osteoblasts and formation of the bone collar.

Question 9

Which part of a long bone contains the epiphyseal line, and what is its significance?

Accepted Answer

Epiphysis; it marks the location of previous growth plate.

Question 10

A 10-year-old boy has a nondisplaced fracture of the wrist. Which zone of the epiphyseal plate is most likely involved in his bone growth?

Accepted Answer

Proliferation zone

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the inorganic matrix of bone?

Accepted Answer

Contains hydroxyapatite crystals for strength.

Question 12

What is the primary function of yellow bone marrow in adults?

Accepted Answer

Storage of fat.

Question 13

Which structure allows blood vessels and nerves to enter the diaphysis of a long bone?

Accepted Answer

Nutrient foramina

Question 14

Which bone cell type is most active during the formation of new bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts

Question 15

Which of the following equations correctly represents the normal range of blood calcium concentration?

Accepted Answer

$$9-11\ \mathrm{mg}/100\ \mathrm{mL}$$

Question 16

Which membrane covers the outer surface of bones and contains osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteogenic cells?

Accepted Answer

Periosteum

Question 17

Which process is responsible for the thickening of bones after birth?

Accepted Answer

Appositional growth

Question 18

A patient with osteoporosis is advised to do weight-bearing exercises. What is the physiological basis for this recommendation?

Accepted Answer

Mechanical stress stimulates bone formation according to Wolff’s Law.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of the lamellae in compact bone?

Accepted Answer

They are concentric rings of bone matrix surrounding the central canal.

Question 20

Which prefix from the study materials means 'over' or 'above'?

Accepted Answer

epi-

Chapter 6: Bones and Bone Tissue – Structure, Classification, and Function

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