$$\text{Ca}_3(\text{PO}_4)_2 \rightarrow 3\text{Ca}^{2+} + 2\text{PO}_4$$^{3-}$$

Question 1

Which of the following is the most abundant type of skeletal cartilage found in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Hyaline cartilage

Question 2

A child is experiencing growth in the length of their femur. Which process is primarily responsible for this type of growth?

Accepted Answer

Interstitial growth

Question 3

Which function of bone is directly related to the regulation of blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Hormone production

Question 4

A patient with a fracture in the vertebral column has injured a bone belonging to which skeletal division?

Accepted Answer

Axial skeleton

Question 5

Which of the following bones is classified as a sesamoid bone?

Accepted Answer

Patella

Question 6

What is the primary structural difference between compact bone and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Spongy bone is composed of trabeculae, while compact bone is organized into osteons.

Question 7

Which anatomical part of a long bone contains yellow bone marrow in adults?

Accepted Answer

Diaphysis (medullary cavity)

Question 8

During childhood, the region responsible for longitudinal growth of long bones is called:

Accepted Answer

Epiphyseal plate

Question 9

Which membrane covers the external surface of bones except at the joints, and consists of both a fibrous and osteogenic layer?

Accepted Answer

Periosteum

Question 10

Bundles of collagen fibers that anchor the periosteum to the underlying bone are called:

Accepted Answer

Perforating (Sharpey's) fibers

Question 11

Where is hemopoietic tissue (red bone marrow) found in adults?

Accepted Answer

Epiphyses of long bones, vertebrae, ribs, sternum, and hip bones

Question 12

Which bone cell is responsible for bone resorption, releasing calcium into the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast

Question 13

A bone cell that occupies a lacuna and maintains the bone matrix is called:

Accepted Answer

Osteocyte

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the metaphysis of a long bone?

Accepted Answer

It is the region where the diaphysis and epiphysis meet.

Question 15

A patient has a bone injury at the site where the nutrient artery enters the diaphysis. Which anatomical feature is affected?

Accepted Answer

Nutrient foramen

Question 16

Which equation best represents the process of bone resorption by osteoclasts, leading to the release of calcium ions into the blood?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Ca}_3(	ext{PO}_4)_2 ightarrow 3	ext{Ca}^{2+} + 2	ext{PO}_4$$^{3-}$$

Question 17

Which bone cell is a stem cell capable of mitosis and differentiation into osteoblasts?

Accepted Answer

Osteoprogenitor (osteogenic) cell

Question 18

A flat bone, such as the sternum, is structurally composed of:

Accepted Answer

Thin plates of spongy bone (diploe) covered by compact bone

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of osteoblasts in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They secrete bone matrix, including collagen and calcium-binding proteins.

Question 20

A bone lining cell is most likely to be found:

Accepted Answer

On bone surfaces where bone remodeling is not occurring

Chapter 6: Bones and Skeletal Tissues – Structured Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions