Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the periosteum in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

It serves as a protective membrane, provides a site for ligament and tendon attachment, and contains cells for bone growth and repair.

Question 2

Which type of bone cell is primarily responsible for bone resorption, and what is the main process it uses?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast; releasing acids and enzymes to dissolve bone matrix

Question 3

A patient presents with a greenstick fracture. Which of the following best describes this type of fracture?

Accepted Answer

A partial fracture in which one side of the bone bends and the other side breaks, commonly seen in children.

Question 4

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 5

During bone healing, which step immediately follows the formation of a hematoma?

Accepted Answer

Formation of a fibrocartilaginous (soft) callus

Question 6

Which of the following best differentiates compact bone from spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone is organized into osteons (Haversian systems), while spongy bone consists of trabeculae with spaces for marrow.

Question 7

Which process is responsible for the lengthening of long bones during childhood and adolescence?

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal growth at the epiphyseal plate

Question 8

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between bone remodeling and calcium homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

$$Ca^{2+}$$_{blood} = $$Ca^{2+}$$_{released\ by\ osteoclasts} - $$Ca^{2+}$$_{deposited\ by\ osteoblasts}$$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of canaliculi in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They connect osteocytes within lacunae, allowing for nutrient and waste exchange.

Question 10

Which type of ossification is responsible for the formation of most flat bones of the skull?

Accepted Answer

Intramembranous ossification

Question 11

A patient has a deficiency in red bone marrow. Which physiological process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Production of blood cells (hematopoiesis)

Question 12

Which of the following best explains the difference between bone deposition and bone resorption?

Accepted Answer

Bone deposition adds minerals to bone by osteoblasts, while bone resorption removes minerals from bone by osteoclasts.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the epiphyseal plate?

Accepted Answer

It allows for longitudinal growth of long bones during development.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of bone?

Accepted Answer

It is composed mainly of collagen fibers and hydroxyapatite crystals.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains the mechanism of appositional bone growth?

Accepted Answer

Bone grows in diameter by addition of new bone tissue at the periosteum.

Question 16

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating both longitudinal and appositional bone growth, and which cells does it primarily affect?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone; osteoblasts and chondrocytes

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of trabeculae in spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

They form a network of bony struts that support bone marrow and resist stress from multiple directions.

Question 18

Which of the following is a reason for bone remodeling cycles?

Accepted Answer

To adapt to mechanical stress, repair microdamage, and maintain calcium homeostasis.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between intramembranous and endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

Intramembranous ossification forms flat bones like the skull, while endochondral ossification forms long bones like the femur.

Chapter 6 – Introduction to Bones and Bone Tissue: Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions