Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a basic way that hormones act in the body?

Accepted Answer

Directly catalyzing metabolic reactions as enzymes

Question 2

A researcher suspects a gland is responsible for a certain endocrine disorder. According to classic steps for identifying an endocrine gland and its hormone, which sequence should they follow?

Accepted Answer

Remove the gland, replace the hormone, create hormone excess

Question 3

Which property is shared by all hormones?

Accepted Answer

They are secreted into the blood and act at very low concentrations

Question 4

Peptide hormones are synthesized as large, inactive precursors called preprohormones. What is the correct sequence for their activation?

Accepted Answer

Preprohormone → Prohormone → Active hormone

Question 5

Steroid hormones differ from peptide hormones in their mechanism of action. Which statement best describes this difference?

Accepted Answer

Steroid hormones bind to cytoplasmic or nuclear receptors to alter gene expression

Question 6

Which hormone is derived from tryptophan?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Question 7

In a simple endocrine reflex, which component acts as the sensor?

Accepted Answer

The endocrine cell

Question 8

Which of the following hormones is released by the posterior pituitary?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 9

The hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system is important because it:

Accepted Answer

Ensures that small amounts of concentrated hormone reach the anterior pituitary directly

Question 10

Which anterior pituitary hormone stimulates hormone synthesis and secretion in the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 11

During the fed state, which hormone dominates and what is its primary effect on plasma glucose?

Accepted Answer

Insulin; lowers plasma glucose

Question 12

Which cell type in the Islets of Langerhans secretes glucagon?

Accepted Answer

Alpha cells

Question 13

A patient with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is prone to ketoacidosis because:

Accepted Answer

Insulin deficiency leads to increased fat metabolism and production of ketone bodies

Question 14

Which feedback mechanism is most dominant in the hypothalamic-pituitary pathway?

Accepted Answer

Long-loop negative feedback

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a permissive hormone interaction?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid hormone allowing reproductive hormones to exert their full effect

Question 16

Down-regulation of hormone receptors is a response to:

Accepted Answer

Abnormally high concentrations of a hormone

Question 17

A patient presents with hypercortisolism due to a pituitary tumor. This is classified as:

Accepted Answer

Secondary pathology

Question 18

Which equation best represents the relationship between plasma glucose concentration and insulin secretion in a healthy individual?

Accepted Answer

$$I = k 	imes G$$

Question 19

If a patient’s fasting blood glucose is measured at 130 mg/dL, how would this be classified according to diagnostic criteria?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes mellitus

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the effect of insulin on muscle cells in the fed state?

Accepted Answer

Insulin stimulates GLUT4 transporters to increase glucose uptake

Chapter 7: Introduction to the Endocrine System – Human Physiology

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