$$\text{Bone mass loss} = 0.3 \times \text{Initial bone mass}$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Hormone production

Question 2

A patient presents with a fracture in a bone weakened by osteoporosis. What type of fracture is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Pathological fracture

Question 3

Which bone cell type is primarily responsible for bone resorption, and what chemical do they use to dissolve bone minerals?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts; hydrochloric acid

Question 4

During intramembranous ossification, which sequence correctly describes the differentiation of cells?

Accepted Answer

Mesenchymal cells → osteogenic cells → osteoblasts

Question 5

Which hormone is secreted in response to high blood calcium levels and acts to lower it by inhibiting osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin

Question 6

A child with achondroplastic dwarfism will have which of the following characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Long bones stop growing in childhood due to failure of cartilage growth in metaphysis

Question 7

Which structure in a long bone is responsible for growth in length during childhood?

Accepted Answer

Epiphyseal plate

Question 8

What is the main difference between red bone marrow and yellow bone marrow in adults?

Accepted Answer

Red marrow produces blood cells; yellow marrow stores fat and does not produce blood cells

Question 9

Which equation best represents the normal range of calcium concentration in blood plasma?

Accepted Answer

$$9.2 \leq [Ca$$^{2+}$$] \leq 10.4\ \mathrm{mg/dl}$$

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of osteocytes in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They are former osteoblasts trapped in the matrix and help regulate bone remodeling

Question 11

A patient with hypocalcemia is likely to experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Excess excitability of muscle, tremors, spasms, or tetany

Question 12

Which process is responsible for the formation of most bones in the human body, beginning in the fetal period?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification

Question 13

Which of the following structures allows blood vessels to penetrate the bone surface?

Accepted Answer

Nutrient foramina

Question 14

Which equation describes the relationship between bone mass loss and age in postmenopausal women, if bone mass decreases by 30% over 30 years?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Bone mass loss} = 0.3 	imes 	ext{Initial bone mass}$$

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why spongy bone provides strength with minimal weight?

Accepted Answer

Its trabeculae develop along the bone's lines of stress

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE regarding bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

It repairs microfractures and reshapes bones in response to use and disuse

Question 17

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of abnormal calcification (ectopic ossification)?

Accepted Answer

Formation of calculus in soft organs such as the lung

Question 18

Which layer of the periosteum is responsible for bone growth and healing of fractures?

Accepted Answer

Inner osteogenic layer

Question 19

Which of the following best describes appositional growth?

Accepted Answer

Increase in bone width due to deposition of new bone at the surface

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the stages of endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

Formation of hyaline cartilage model → development of bony collar → invasion of blood vessels → formation of primary ossification center

Chapter 7: Skeletal System – Bone Tissue, Structure, Development, and Homeostasis

Study Guide - Practice Questions