Q: Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the resting membrane potential of a neuron using the Nernst equation?

$$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[\text{ion outside}]}{[\text{ion inside}]} \right)$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the three main functions of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Sensory input, integration, and motor output

Question 2

A patient touches a hot stove and immediately withdraws their hand. Which division of the nervous system is primarily responsible for this reflex action?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 3

Which type of neuroglial cell is responsible for forming myelin sheaths around nerve fibers in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 4

What is the correct order of elements in a simple reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

Receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, effector

Question 5

Which neurotransmitter is most associated with learning, attention, and memory?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 6

A neuron that carries impulses away from the central nervous system to muscles or glands is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

Motor (efferent) neuron

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of astrocytes in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They anchor neurons to blood capillaries and regulate the chemical environment.

Question 8

Which part of the nervous system is responsible for involuntary control of cardiac and smooth muscle, as well as glands?

Accepted Answer

Autonomic nervous system

Question 9

Which of the following is a property of neurons that allows them to respond to a stimulus and convert it to a nerve impulse?

Accepted Answer

Irritability

Question 10

A bundle of nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system is called a:

Accepted Answer

Nerve

Question 11

Which neurotransmitter is most commonly associated with memory formation and is the most prevalent excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain?

Accepted Answer

Glutamate

Question 12

Which glial cell type acts as a phagocyte, cleaning up debris such as dead brain cells and bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Microglia

Question 13

Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic division

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of ependymal cells?

Accepted Answer

They assist with circulation of cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 15

A patient is experiencing difficulty with voluntary movement. Which part of the nervous system is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the resting membrane potential of a neuron using the Nernst equation?

Accepted Answer

$$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[	ext{ion outside}]}{[	ext{ion inside}]} ight)$$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between white matter and gray matter in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

White matter consists of myelinated fibers, while gray matter consists mostly of unmyelinated fibers and cell bodies.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Producing hormones for long-term regulation

Question 19

A patient has damage to the Schwann cells in their peripheral nervous system. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Formation of myelin sheaths around peripheral nerve fibers

Chapter 7: The Nervous System – Structure, Function, and Organization

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