Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the action of the sodium-potassium pump?

$$3\ \text{Na}^+_{\text{in}} \rightarrow 3\ \text{Na}^+_{\text{out}}$$ and $$2\ \text{K}^+_{\text{out}} \rightarrow 2\ \text{K}^+_{\text{in}}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

They form myelin sheaths around axons, increasing the speed of action potential transmission.

Question 2

A patient presents with difficulty in balance and fine motor coordination. Which region of the brain is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the sodium-potassium exchange pump is correct?

Accepted Answer

It ejects 3 Na$$^+$$ ions from the cell and reclaims 2 K$$^+$$ ions.

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the development of an action potential?

Accepted Answer

Neurotransmitter release opens sodium channels, causing depolarization; sodium channels close and potassium channels open, causing repolarization; sodium-potassium pump resets ion distribution.

Question 5

Which of the following cranial nerves is involved in both taste sensation and facial expression?

Accepted Answer

Facial nerve (VII)

Question 6

A person experiences rapid heart rate, dilated pupils, and increased sweating after a stressful event. Which division of the autonomic nervous system is primarily responsible for these responses?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic division

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons conduct action potentials faster than unmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials jump from node to node in saltatory propagation, reducing the number of membrane regions that must depolarize.

Question 8

Which of the following neuron types is most likely to be found in the retina of the eye?

Accepted Answer

Bipolar neurons

Question 9

A reflex arc consists of five basic components. Which of the following correctly lists the sequence of these components?

Accepted Answer

Receptor → Sensory neuron → Interneuron → Motor neuron → Effector

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of endocrine functions such as metabolism and response to stress

Question 11

A patient has lost the ability to swallow and move their head and shoulders. Which cranial nerve is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Accessory nerve (XI)

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflexes?

Accepted Answer

Monosynaptic reflexes involve a single synapse between two neurons, while polysynaptic reflexes involve at least one interneuron and multiple synapses.

Question 13

Which of the following equations correctly represents the action of the sodium-potassium pump?

Accepted Answer

$$3\ 	ext{Na}^+_{	ext{in}} ightarrow 3\ 	ext{Na}^+_{	ext{out}}$$ and $$2\ 	ext{K}^+_{	ext{out}} ightarrow 2\ 	ext{K}^+_{	ext{in}}$$

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding the distribution of ions across the neuronal membrane at rest?

Accepted Answer

Extracellular fluid has high concentrations of Na$$^+$$ and Cl$$^-$$, while cytosol has high concentrations of K$$^+.$$

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the limbic system?

Accepted Answer

It is involved in emotion and learning, including memory formation.

Question 16

A patient is unable to move their tongue properly during speech and swallowing. Which cranial nerve is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Hypoglossal nerve (XII)

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

Accepted Answer

Acts as a shock absorber and diffusion medium for nutrients and waste products.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the effect of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It increases secretion by salivary and digestive glands and stimulates urination and defecation.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of the structural difference between multipolar, bipolar, and unipolar neurons?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar neurons have two or more dendrites and a single axon; bipolar neurons have one dendrite and one axon; unipolar neurons have a fused dendrite and axon.

Chapter 8: The Nervous System – Structured Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards