Q: Which of the following equations represents the net ATP yield from anaerobic glycolysis of one glucose molecule?

$$1\times \text{glucose} \rightarrow 2\times \text{pyruvate} + 2\times \text{ATP}$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between a tendon and an aponeurosis?

Accepted Answer

Both tendons and aponeuroses attach muscle to bone, but tendons are cord-like and aponeuroses are flat and sheet-like.

Question 2

During muscle contraction, which event directly follows the binding of calcium to troponin?

Accepted Answer

Tropomyosin moves off the myosin binding site on G actin.

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why rigor mortis occurs after death?

Accepted Answer

ATP is depleted, preventing myosin cross-bridges from detaching from actin.

Question 4

A patient with myasthenia gravis is experiencing muscle weakness. Which of the following best explains the underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

Loss of acetylcholine receptors at the motor end plate prevents effective nerve signaling.

Question 5

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the sliding filament theory?

Accepted Answer

The H and I bands get smaller, while the A band remains unchanged.

Question 6

Which muscle fiber type is best suited for endurance activities such as marathon running, and why?

Accepted Answer

Slow fibers (Type I), because they rely on aerobic metabolism and are fatigue resistant.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

It stores and releases calcium ions necessary for muscle contraction.

Question 8

A muscle twitch consists of three phases. Which phase is characterized by the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum but no tension development?

Accepted Answer

Latent period

Question 9

Which of the following equations represents the net ATP yield from anaerobic glycolysis of one glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

$$1	imes 	ext{glucose} ightarrow 2	imes 	ext{pyruvate} + 2	imes 	ext{ATP}$$

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the process of motor unit recruitment during increasing muscle tension?

Accepted Answer

Smaller motor units are activated first, then larger units as more tension is needed.

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of a second class lever in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Standing on tiptoe, where the load is between the applied force and the fulcrum.

Question 12

During high-intensity exercise, which energy source is primarily used after free ATP and creatine phosphate are depleted?

Accepted Answer

Anaerobic glycolysis of glycogen.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of myosatellite cells in muscle repair?

Accepted Answer

They fuse with damaged muscle fibers to aid in tissue repair after injury.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains the difference between isotonic and isometric muscle contractions?

Accepted Answer

Isotonic contractions involve a change in muscle length with stable tension, while isometric contractions generate tension without changing muscle length.

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the Cori cycle during intense exercise?

Accepted Answer

Lactate produced in muscles is transported to the liver, where it is converted to pyruvate and then to glucose.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the effect of decreased pH on muscle fatigue?

Accepted Answer

Decreased pH reduces calcium binding to troponin and alters enzyme activity, leading to fatigue.

Question 17

Which of the following is a characteristic of wave summation in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Muscle fiber is stimulated before the relaxation phase ends, resulting in increased tension.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of a fixator muscle?

Accepted Answer

It assists the agonist by preventing movement at another joint.

Question 19

Which of the following equations represents the ATP yield from aerobic metabolism of one pyruvate molecule?

Accepted Answer

$$1	imes 	ext{pyruvate} ightarrow 15	imes 	ext{ATP}$$

Chapter 9: Skeletal Muscle Tissue and the Muscular System – Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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