Q: A stroke (cerebrovascular accident) results in neuronal death due to interruption of blood supply. If the internal carotid artery is blocked, which equation best represents the reduction in oxygen delivery to the brain?

$$O_2$$\ delivery = Blood\ flow \times $$O_2$$\ content$$

Question 1

Which of the following structures is responsible for relaying and processing sensory information in the diencephalon?

Accepted Answer

Thalamus

Question 2

A patient presents with impaired coordination and balance after a head injury. Which region of the brain is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Question 3

Which cranial meningeal layer is directly attached to the surface of the brain by astrocytes?

Accepted Answer

Pia mater

Question 4

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is primarily formed by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions between endothelial cells of CNS capillaries

Question 5

Which ventricle of the brain is located in the diencephalon and communicates with the lateral ventricles via the interventricular foramen?

Accepted Answer

Third ventricle

Question 6

A stroke (cerebrovascular accident) results in neuronal death due to interruption of blood supply. If the internal carotid artery is blocked, which equation best represents the reduction in oxygen delivery to the brain?

Accepted Answer

$$O_2$$\ delivery = Blood\ flow 	imes $$O_2$$\ content$$

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

Accepted Answer

Transmitting motor impulses to muscles

Question 8

Damage to the substantia nigra in the midbrain is most closely associated with which disease?

Accepted Answer

Parkinson's Disease

Question 9

Which cranial nerve is responsible for motor control of the tongue?

Accepted Answer

Hypoglossal nerve (XII)

Question 10

A patient has difficulty swallowing and loss of taste sensation in the posterior third of the tongue. Which cranial nerve is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of the limbic system?

Accepted Answer

Establishes emotional states and facilitates memory storage and retrieval

Question 12

Which structure separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum and contains the transverse sinus?

Accepted Answer

Tentorium cerebelli

Question 13

If a patient has a lesion in the left cerebral hemisphere, which of the following functions is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Speech and language

Question 14

Which of the following cranial nerves is classified as a special sensory nerve and is responsible for hearing and balance?

Accepted Answer

Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

Question 15

Which equation best represents the relationship between CSF production and absorption in a healthy adult?

Accepted Answer

$$CSF_{produced} = CSF_{absorbed}$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

Regulates body temperature

Question 17

A patient with damage to the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe would most likely experience which deficit?

Accepted Answer

Impaired voluntary motor control

Question 18

Which cranial nerve passes through the superior orbital fissure and controls the lateral rectus muscle of the eye?

Accepted Answer

Abducens nerve (VI)

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why lipid-soluble compounds such as $$O_2$$ and $$CO_2$$ can cross the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

They diffuse directly through endothelial cell membranes

Question 20

Which of the following structures is responsible for connecting the two cerebral hemispheres?

Accepted Answer

Corpus callosum

Chapter Fourteen – The Brain: Structure, Protection, and Cranial Nerves

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