$MAP = \frac{SBP + 2 \times DBP}{3}$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of photoreceptors in the retina?

Accepted Answer

They convert light energy into electrical signals for visual processing.

Question 2

A patient presents with loss of equilibrium and frequent dizziness. Which structure is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Semicircular canals

Question 3

Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating blood sodium levels in the body?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Question 4

A drop of blood returning from the systemic circulation enters the heart through which chamber first?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

Producing hormones that control the pituitary gland

Question 6

What is the primary function of erythrocytes (red blood cells)?

Accepted Answer

Transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 7

Which process describes the formation of blood cells from stem cells in the bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

Hematopoiesis

Question 8

A patient has a deficiency in ADH (antidiuretic hormone). What symptom would most likely be observed?

Accepted Answer

Frequent urination and dehydration

Question 9

Which equation correctly represents cardiac output ($CO$) in terms of heart rate ($HR$) and stroke volume ($SV$)?

Accepted Answer

$CO = HR 	imes SV$

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why the optic disc is called the 'blind spot'?

Accepted Answer

It is the point where the optic nerve exits and lacks photoreceptors.

Question 11

A patient with damage to the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone is most likely to experience which deficit?

Accepted Answer

Loss of sense of smell (anosmia)

Question 12

Which hormone stimulates ovulation and testosterone production?

Accepted Answer

Gonadotropins (LH and FSH)

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the pericardium?

Accepted Answer

Prevents friction and protects the heart

Question 14

Which blood cell type is primarily involved in immunity and antibody production?

Accepted Answer

Lymphocytes

Question 15

Which structure in the heart prevents backflow of blood into the left atrium?

Accepted Answer

Mitral (bicuspid) valve

Question 16

A patient with low levels of thyroxine (T4) is likely to experience which condition?

Accepted Answer

Hypothyroidism

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of antagonists in muscle physiology?

Accepted Answer

Muscles that oppose the action of another muscle

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of fibrinogen in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Forming fibrin threads during blood clotting

Question 19

Which equation represents the calculation of mean arterial pressure ($MAP$) using systolic ($SBP$) and diastolic ($DBP$) blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

$MAP = \frac{SBP + 2 	imes DBP}{3}$

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of taste buds?

Accepted Answer

They detect chemical stimuli and send signals for taste perception.

Chapters 17-20 Study Guide: Special Senses, Endocrine System, Blood, and Heart

Study Guide - Practice Questions