Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes an isotope?

Accepted Answer

An atom of the same element with a different number of neutrons.

Question 2

A radioactive isotope of carbon decays by releasing energy. Which of the following is a potential danger of strong radioisotopes in biological tissues?

Accepted Answer

They break apart molecules and can cause cancer.

Question 3

What is the atomic mass of an oxygen atom, given it has 8 protons and 8 neutrons?

Accepted Answer

$$16$$

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why water is called the 'universal solvent'?

Accepted Answer

Water can dissolve more substances than any other liquid due to its polarity.

Question 5

A solution is prepared by dissolving table salt (NaCl) in water. What happens at the molecular level?

Accepted Answer

Na$$^+$$ and Cl$$^-$$ ions are attracted to the positive and negative areas of water molecules, causing dissociation.

Question 6

Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 7

Given the following reaction: $$2H_2O_2 \rightarrow 2H_2O + O_2$, which type of reaction is this?

Accepted Answer

Decomposition reaction

Question 8

Which statement about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions without being consumed.

Question 9

A buffer system in the blood helps maintain pH by the following reaction: $$CO_2 + H_2O$$ \leftrightarrow H_2CO_3 \leftrightarrow H^+ + $$HCO_3$$^-$$. What is the primary function of this buffer system?

Accepted Answer

To stabilize blood pH by adding or removing $$H^+$$ ions.

Question 10

Which of the following is a property of water that is critical for maintaining homeostasis in the human body?

Accepted Answer

High heat capacity, requiring high temperature to break hydrogen bonds.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes a suspension?

Accepted Answer

A mixture where large particles settle out, such as blood cells in plasma.

Question 12

What is the main difference between organic and inorganic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Organic compounds have C—H as the primary structural component.

Question 13

Which of the following is true about the valence shell of an atom?

Accepted Answer

A filled valence shell makes the atom stable and less likely to react.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of a synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$A + B \rightarrow AB$$

Question 15

A patient has a blood pH of 7.2. Which condition does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

Acidosis

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of electrolytes in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They are essential for muscle contraction and nerve function.

Question 17

Which statement about hydrogen bonds is correct?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds are weak bonds that can change the shape of molecules.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes a polymer?

Accepted Answer

Many monomers joined together.

Question 19

Which law states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only converted from one form to another?

Accepted Answer

Law of Conservation of Energy

Question 20

A molecule of glucose (C$$_6H$_{12}O$_6) is $$classified as which type of macromolecule?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate

Chemical Level of Organization: Atoms, Molecules, and Biochemistry in Anatomy & Physiology

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