Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes an isotope?

Accepted Answer

An atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons compared to other atoms of the same element.

Question 2

A sodium atom (Na) has 11 protons and 12 neutrons. What is its atomic number and mass number?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number = 11, Mass number = 23

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why atoms form chemical bonds?

Accepted Answer

To achieve a stable electron configuration by filling their outermost energy level.

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct representation of the formation of an ionic bond between sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl)?

Accepted Answer

Na loses one electron to become Na$$^+$$, Cl gains one electron to become Cl$$^-$$, and the resulting ions are attracted to each other.

Question 5

Which of the following elements is the most abundant in the human body by mass?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 6

A neutral atom of carbon-14 has how many protons, neutrons, and electrons?

Accepted Answer

6 protons, 8 neutrons, 6 electrons

Question 7

Which of the following best describes a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally, resulting in partial charges on the atoms.

Question 8

If an atom has 17 protons, 18 neutrons, and 17 electrons, what is its atomic number and what element is it?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number = 17, Element = Chlorine

Question 9

Which of the following statements about energy levels (shells) of electrons is correct?

Accepted Answer

The first energy level can hold a maximum of 2 electrons, and the second can hold up to 8 electrons.

Question 10

A patient is found to have a blood pH that is lower than normal. Which of the following best describes the chemical nature of their blood?

Accepted Answer

The blood is more acidic, indicating a higher concentration of hydrogen ions ($$[H^+]).$$

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why water is considered a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, causing electrons to be shared unequally and creating partial charges.

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the mass number of an atom?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Mass number} = 	ext{Number of protons} + 	ext{Number of neutrons}$$

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between a molecule and a compound?

Accepted Answer

A molecule consists of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds, while a compound consists of two or more different elements in a fixed ratio.

Question 14

Which of the following elements is represented by the chemical symbol 'K' and is essential for nerve function?

Accepted Answer

Potassium

Question 15

A patient has a genetic mutation that causes their cells to have only 6 electrons in the outermost shell of oxygen atoms. What effect would this have on the chemical properties of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen would be less likely to form stable bonds, as it normally needs 2 more electrons to fill its valence shell.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of ionization?

Accepted Answer

An atom gains or loses electrons, resulting in a net positive or negative charge.

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world example of a nonpolar covalent molecule?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen gas ($$O_2)$$

Question 18

If a calcium atom loses two electrons, what is the resulting ion and its charge?

Accepted Answer

$$Ca^{2+}$$, a cation with a +2 charge

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why noble gases are chemically inert?

Accepted Answer

Their outermost energy level is full, so they do not tend to gain, lose, or share electrons.

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct order of abundance (by mass) of the four most common elements in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen \u003e Carbon \u003e Hydrogen \u003e Nitrogen

Chemical Level of Organization: Atoms, Molecules, and Compounds in Anatomy & Physiology

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